UNHCR Niger

Après une première édition de collecte d’habits pour les enfants réfugiés Malien http://unhcrniger.tumblr.com/post/137550999259/de-la-sc%C3%A8ne-au-camp-de-mangaiz%C3%A9, l’artiste Filo La Diva a réitéré samedi 27 novembre. Pour ce deuxième évènement et entourée par d’autres artistes nigériens l’artiste visait les populations déplacées de la région de Diffa avec un slogan « Diffa, nous sommes tous concernés ». « Cet évènement montre l'engagement de la population de Niamey par la voix des artistes et combien nous sommes attachés à ce que les choses aillent mieux dans cette partie du Niger. En tant qu'artiste, nous n'avons pas un grand moyen financier mais nous avons notre métier à mettre au service de la citoyenneté et de l'engagement social ». Le bureau de l’UNHCR Niger s’engagera à acheminer les habits vers la région de Diffa.

For several weeks, a major change has been made by the UNHCR operation in the response in the Diffa region. In August 2015, a first step was taken to shorten the 1,400km distance between the UNHCR Headquarters in Niamey and the Diffa Field Office, through the establishment of a Sub-Delegation office in Zinder to manage the Diffa field operations. 400 kilometres separates the two towns. As Diffa is located just several kilometres from the border with Nigeria, the security situation was the main reason behind the creation of an additional office outside of the region.

Despite the fact that the security situation in the Diffa region remains volatile today, a better understanding of the context and the need to be more present on the ground has led to a major strengthening of the UNHCR presence in Diffa. To-date, fifteen containers have been installed on the compound neighbouring that of the other UN agencies in Diffa town, while 32 UNHCR staff are now permanently positioned in Diffa. Additional staff are expected to join the Office in 2017. In Zinder, UNHCR maintain a minimal presence to aid in transit for missions from Niamey, and to maintain a closer presence, in the situation of a rapid degradation of the security situation.

Avec 1384 élèves, (1 192 enfants réfugiés et 192 Nigériens) et 23 enseignants, l’école de la zone d’accueil des réfugiés de Tahoua est aujourd’hui l’école la plus grande de la région de Tahoua. Elle est aussi la plus mixte avec près de 45% de filles. Au regard de la conjoncture actuelle de manque de ressources, et le départ de nombreux partenaires, la cantine de l’école était menacée de fermeture avec pour conséquence la mise en péril des avancées réalisées depuis 4 ans notamment avec un niveau d’enrôlement particulièrement élevé. Dans leur mode de vie semi-nomade, la mise en place de la cantine à l’école d’Intikane a été un puissant déterminant pour les parents d’inscrire et de maintenir les enfants à l’école, pendant qu’eux-mêmes partent en transhumance ou vaquent à d’autres activités.

La situation a aujourd’hui une fin heureuse. L’organisation allemande ADH a débloqué des fonds d’urgence pour assurer 2 repas quotidiens équilibrés sur le plan nutritionnel pour l’ensemble des élevés au titre de l’année scolaire 2016-2017. L’activité est mise en œuvre par l’ONG allemande ASB avec le support de l’ONG nigérienne ADKOUL, gestionnaire délégué de la ZAR d’Intikane.

La cantine va aussi être équipée en foyers et gaz de cuisine, afin de réduire l’utilisation du bois dans cette zone désertique : l’économie de bois pour l’année scolaire étant estimée à 100m3. 17 emplois sont aussi maintenus.

Cet appui permet de ne pas casser la dynamique en cours et offre une alternative en attendant d’aboutir à une solution durable : celle de l’intégration de l’école d’Intikane dans le programme national des cantines scolaires. Cette intégration suppose la transformation de l’école d’Intikane en école publique nigérienne. Les autorités, particulièrement ouvertes pour permettre l’intégration des réfugiés dans les mécanismes nationaux de provision des services de base, ont déjà donné leur aval. Cette intégration suppose une mise aux normes avant l’année scolaire 2018-2019.

Drone aerial image of Kindjandi spontaneous site, Route Nationale 1, Diffa Region, Niger, September 2016

Since 2013, the Diffa region in Niger has been receiving displaced persons from Northern Nigeria fleeing the conflict of Boko Haram. Sadly, the situation deteriorated in February 2015 with the first attacks within the region itself, while the population displaced by the violence continues to grow, in particular internally displaced persons.

The displaced population in the region now number over 250,000 people (October 2016), the highest number ever recorded in the region. The Diffa situation is quite unique as refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) are mainly living outside of camps. Just two official camps exist, one for refugees and one for IDPs, however the two camps combined host less than 20,000 people.

In recent months, and in particular following a series of violent attacks in the area of Bosso in the east of the Diffa region in June, the need for enhanced information management has never been so urgent. The attacks and the consecutive population movements drastically changed the operational context. Before this period, the displaced were mainly settled in towns and villages. However, in recent months, over 50 spontaneous sites appeared along the Route Nationale 1, the single paved road running through the region from east to west. Most of the population have settled along this road in search of security. The displaced population is also very mobile, moving from site to site in preventive or post attack movements, as well as for survival as they move in search of assistance.

Since the beginning of the crisis, UNHCR and its information management partner REACH are conducting extensive mapping exercises of all the villages and towns hosting refugees and returnees from Nigeria. The maps provide information regarding the existing infrastructure and the capacity of the infrastructure. Progressively, UNHCR have developed other information management tools such as a 6W matrix to track all activities being implemented in the region at the village level. For the mapping of towns and villages hosting displaced populations, the images used are generally free images obtained on specific online websites. For the mapping of existing towns and villages, this serves as an adequate basis, however it is more complex for the visualisation of open areas hosting newly displaced outside of towns and villages such as the spontaneous sites along the Route Nationale 1. For this reason, UNHCR became interested in the use of a drone to capture up-to-date images of these areas.

To understand the dynamics of the population movements properly, UNHCR decided to contract a local innovative ‘drone mapping’ expert to travel to Diffa. The drone is known as a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) drone, T800. It is a small lightweight aircraft of just 2 meters in diameter. It is equipped with a high resolution camera capable of operating automatically without the need for human intervention.

Aziz Kountche, Nigerien drone expert in Diffa region Niger

During the month of September, a series of drone flights were carried out to capture images and video, which were then converted into extremely detailed maps of the various sites and settlements. The drone provided the possibility to rapidly visualize the current situation in the sites. Following the mapping exercise, UNHCR and REACH provided additional detailed information through GPS points for infrastructure and existing services in the sites such as water systems, education, health and sanitation facilities, which were incorporated into the drone image maps in order to identify gaps, for example in terms of the availability of drinking water and availability of latrines according to basic standards. The results aid in the delivery of an appropriate response for the population. The images clearly show the size of the various sites and the numbers of shelters in place.

The process of registration of the displaced population in such a complex and dynamic context is extremely challenging. However, the visibility of the number of shelters per site enables a better analysis of the populations present in the biggest spontaneous sites, thus aiding the registration process.

The drone was also used to provide detailed images for maps of the two existing camps in the region, Sayam Forage refugee camp and Kabelawa IDP camp. Kableawa IDP camp currently hosts around 15,000 people. The population increased dramatically, with much inward and outward population movement in recent months, due to the threat of attack. The use of the drone in this volatile situation has provided an image of the rapid spatial evolution of the camp, which is essential for adequate site planning and adjustment of existing infrastructure.

An additional benefit of the exercise is the identification of environmental issues in the region and especially the availability of wood resources around the spontaneous sites. In the areas surrounding the sites, trees are cut by the vulnerable displaced population who are unable to buy wood for cooking, due to their low purchasing power. The situation is extremely worrying, as even before the crisis and this new demographic pressure on natural resources, the region was facing a serious environmental crisis: two thirds of the region is affected by desertification. In 2016, UNHCR began to implement a gas for domestic energy project in the Diffa region. One in every four inhabitants in the region has benefitted from the project, which is strongly supported by the Regional Directorate of Environment. For some of the sites, the drone images will provide the possibility to monitor the evolution of the environmental situation and the use of wood.

It’s the first time that the office of the UNHCR in Niger has used drone technology. Following an important initial collective learning phase, it is clear to see the multiple benefits of the project. The next drone flight should take place in early 2017, enabling a new visualisation of the situation.

Lancé en 2013 pour donner la latitude aux réfugiés de choisir eux-mêmes leur ration auprès des commerçants partenaires du PAM, en diversifiant le contenu de leur panier, le coupon (voucher) cash est désormais remplacé par la carte électronique d’assistance dans le camp de Mangaizé à travers le système SCOPE.

Mis conjointement en œuvre par le PAM et l’UNHCR depuis le 17 aout 2016, ce projet couvre au total 9 000 bénéficiaires. Il consiste à remettre aux réfugiés des cartes magnétiques dans lesquelles, chaque mois, l’assistance alimentaire mensuelle destinée au ménage est rechargée. Le mécanisme simple, innovant, accessible est adapté aux besoins des réfugiés et des commerçants.

En effet, après confirmation de l’identité et du statut du ménage par l’UNHCR, les chefs de ménage reçoivent leurs cartes électroniques d’assistance, et peuvent directement se rendre dans les centres de distribution où les commerçants vérifient les données personnelles avant de les servir.

Ce nouveau mécanisme revêt une multitude d’avantages. Tout d’abord, il permet de réduire le temps d’attente lors des distributions traditionnelles des coupons puisque le bénéficiaire reçoit instantanément un transfert dans sa carte sans quitter son abri. «Je peux maintenant aller faire mes courses comme tout le monde et choisir les produits que j’ai l’habitude de consommer. Grâce au nouveau système, je gagne beaucoup de temps. Je ne dois plus faire la file pour recevoir les bons», nous confia Moziga Aïchatou, une malienne de 44 ans ayant rejoint le camp en 2012 avec son mari et leurs 10 enfants. Elle trouve cette initiative assez salutaire car, représentant une sorte de portefeuille pour les chefs de ménage, cette carte leur permet de s’approvisionner en toute discrétion.

Ensuite, il diminue considérablement la charge de travail de gestion pour le PAM et ses partenaires car la carte est émise pour la durée de l’appui et est automatiquement rechargeable avec des frais de transaction minimisés. Ainsi, les partenaires du PAM ne sont plus confrontés à des problèmes d’authentification des coupons ou de comptage, ils ne doivent plus soumettre de factures avec pièces et encore moins se rendre à la banque pour être remboursés.

Par ailleurs, au lieu d’attendre la centralisation des données collectées manuellement dans le cadre du suivi, le système permet un accès rapide à des données générées automatiquement sur la base d’informations à jour que ce soit sur la distribution, les bénéficiaires, etc. Cet accès aisé aux données facilitera l’analyse et la prise de décision rapide.

Selon une première analyse coût-efficacité, cette assistance électronique devrait permettre d’économiser 60 000 USD par an comparativement au coupon en papier, et ce uniquement sur le camp de Mangaizé. Une extension est prévue dans les autres camps pour les 66 300 bénéficiaires avant la fin de l’année. En 2017, c’est la totalité des personnes assistées par le PAM qui devrait être couverte par SCOPE. Le PAM et le HCR ont lancé ce nouveau mécanisme de distribution, pour asseoir et renforcer davantage la qualité de la réponse, son efficience et son efficacité. Cette initiative présente une approche plus stratégique de collaboration qui permettra aux deux organisations des Nations Unies de mieux planifier et d'améliorer sensiblement l'efficacité et la qualité de leurs réponses aux réfugiés. Elle aboutira à de meilleurs résultats et, en dernière analyse, à un plus grand impact sur les bénéficiaires

Abdulrahman Aboubacar, 20 year old Central African Refugee studying to prepare for the start of his University Degree in Tahoua University, Niger, thanks to the DAFI scholarship programme (Louise Donovan UNHCR)

Abdulrahman was beaming from ear to ear as he explained that he was preparing to move to Tahoua region in Niger to begin his University studies in Agronomy and Food Industry. Abdulrahman is one of four refugees in Niger who were selected for a prestigious DAFI scholarship. The DAFI scholarship programme began in 1992, and enables over 2,200 students annually to undertake post-secondary studies in countries of asylum. For more information, Click here (http://www.unhcr.org/dafi-scholarships.html).

In 2017, Abdulrahman was one of four refugee students in Niger selected for the scholarship programme, the other students selected are from Mali (2) and from Nigeria (1). Abdulrahman arrived to Niamey, Niger from the Central African Republic with his six siblings and his parents two years ago. He says that he and his family fled inter-religious war, and appreciates the freedom he has in Niger, “here, there is no problem between the Muslims and the Christians, I feel safe and I can move freely, it was not like that in my city”. Sadly, his father passed away several months ago in Niger. He is the second oldest in the family, and feels responsible for his family, “with an education, I will be somebody in the world, I can have a steady income and help my mother and my family”.

Prior to 2017, several refugees in Niger were selected for DAFI scholarships for studies which they are currently completing in universities in Senegal, however this year it was decided to send the students to universities in their host countries. There are several reasons for this, including the fact that there are adequate educational institutions available in the asylum countries, the students will be able to stay closer to their families, and a closer relationship between UNHCR and the students is possible, both during and after their studies. In Niger, the University of Tahoua and UNHCR recently signed an agreement for the provision of education to refugees in Niger which is a very positive step, as Higher Education is a clear priority in UNHCR’s overarching Education Strategy, and for the state of Niger.

In addition to higher education, UNHCR are involved in several other innovative education projects in Niger, including the Distance Education Project for Nigerian Secondary Level students in the Diffa region , and Ecole de Second Chance , for urban refugees in Niamey. Support for primary education for all Malian refugees in the camps and refugee hosting areas, and primary education for Nigerian refugees and IDPS in the camps in the Diffa region is also being provided since 2012.

“Maybe if my country becomes calm again I will return with my mother and my brothers and sisters, but for now we are content in Niger, and I will be happy when I finish my studies and can participate in commerce to help my family”.