World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iceland
| Publisher | Minority Rights Group International |
| Publication Date | 2007 |
| Cite as | Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iceland, 2007, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/4954ce0323.html [accessed 18 May 2023] |
| Comments | In October 2015, MRG revised its World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. For the most part, overview texts were not themselves updated, but the previous 'Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples' rubric was replaced throughout with links to the relevant minority-specific reports, and a 'Resources' section was added. Refworld entries have been updated accordingly. |
| Disclaimer | This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. |
Environment
Iceland is a volcanic island located in the North Atlantic between Greenland, Norway, Great Britain and Ireland. Iceland is Europe's most sparsely populated country with an average of about three inhabitants per square km. Almost four-fifths of its territory is uninhabitable, the population being concentrated along a narrow coastal belt in the south-west corner of the country.
History
The Republic of Iceland was uninhabited until the ninth century CE, when Irish hermits settled there. The first Norwegian settlement dates from CE 874. The Althingi, the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, was established in the year 930 AD. In 1264 the independent republic of Iceland became part of the Kingdom of Norway. In 1381 Iceland and Norway were conquered by Denmark. When Norway separated from the Danish Crown in 1814, Iceland remained under Denmark's protection. In 1918 Iceland became an associated state of Denmark until it recovered its independence in 1944. Iceland has a strong economy, low unemployment and low inflation.
Peoples
Main languages: Icelandic
Main religions: Evangelical Lutheran Church (85%); Evangelical Lutheran Free Churches (3.5%); Roman Catholic Church (1,1%); Pentecostal and Charismatic Congregations (1.0%); and others (1.2%); a final 2.0% of the population is not affiliated to any religion.
The people of Iceland are an extremely homogeneous population, virtually all of whom are descended from Celts and Scandinavians. In 2004, 20,669 people (7% of the total population) who were living in Iceland had been born abroad, including the children of Icelandic parents. Another 10,636 people (3.6% of the total population) had foreign citizenship. The most numerous foreign nationalities are Poles (1,903), Danes (890), citizens of the Yugoslav successor states (670), Filipinos (647) and Germans (540).[1] There are no indigenous minority groups.
Governance
Iceland is a republic, has a written constitution and a parliamentary form of government. Elections for the office of presidency, parliament and town councils are all held every four years, the most recent in 2004, 2003 and 2006, respectively.
Minorities
None listed.
Resources
Minority based and advocacy organisations
Organizations
Icelandic Human Rights Centre, http://www.humanrights.is
Human Rights Organization of Immigrants in Iceland and their families, email: [email protected]
