Somalia: Somali Transitional Charter. Transitional Federal Charter for the Somali Republic

PREAMBLE

In the Name of Allah, the most Merciful, the Beneficent.

WE, THE DELEGATES REPRESENTING THE PEOPLE OF THE SOMALI REPUBLIC have solemnly resolved to enact a Transitional Federal Charter for the Somali Republic;

DETERMINED to live in peace and unity as one indivisible, free and sovereign nation;

RECOGNIZING the gross violations of human rights inflicted upon the Somali people and the need to re-establish peace, democracy, the rule of law, social justice, the dignity and integrity of all Somalis;

COMMITTED to establishing and nurturing a Transitional Federal Government for the Somali Republic;

DETERMINED to foster reconciliation, national unity, and good governance;

DO HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO THE SOMALI PEOPLE THIS CHARTER.

CHAPTER ONE
SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORY

ARTICLE 1
ESTABLISHMENT OF TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

1. There shall be a Transitional Federal Government of the Somali Republic based on the sovereign will of the Somali people.

2. The name of the National Government shall be "The Transitional Federal Government of the Somali Republic."

3. In this charter "Somali Republic" has the same meaning as "Somalia", "The Somali Republic", "The Somali Democratic Republic".

ARTICLE 1:1
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE SOMALI PEOPLE.

1. All the sovereign authority belongs to the people of Somalia and may be exercised directly or indirectly through their representatives, in accordance with this Charter and the laws of the country.

2. The right to exercise sovereignty shall not be delegated to any individual, group or class, and no person shall arrogate to him or herself, or exercise any State authority, which does not emanate from this Charter or any laws of the Land not inconsistent with this charter.

1. The Government shall encourage the unity of the Somali people by promoting their cultures, customs and traditions.

ARTICLE 2
THE TERRITORY OF SOMALIA

1. The Territorial Integrity and Sovereignty of the Somali Republic shall be inviolable and indivisible.

2. The territorial sovereignty of the Somali Republic shall extend to the land, the islands, territorial sea, the subsoil, the air space and the continental shelf.

3. The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries.

(a) North; Gulf of Aden.
(b) North West; Djibouti.
(c) West; Ethiopia.
(d) South south-west; Kenya.
(e) East; Indian Ocean.

ARTICLE 3
SUPREMACY OF LAW

1. The Transitional Federal Government of the Somali Republic shall be founded on the supremacy of the law and shall be governed in accordance with this Charter.

2. This Charter for the Transitional Federal Government shall be the supreme law binding all authorities and persons and shall have the force of law throughout the Somali Republic. If any law is inconsistent with this Charter the Charter shall prevail.

3. The validity, legality or procedure of enactment or promulgation of this Charter shall not be subject to challenge by or before any court or other State organ.

ARTICLE 4
INTERPRETATION OF THE CHARTER

1. The Charter shall be interpreted in a manner: - (a) That promotes national reconciliation, unity and democratic values;

a) That promotes the values of good governance;
b) That advances human dignity, integrity, rights and fundamental freedoms and the Rule of Law.

2. A person may bring an action in the Supreme Court for a declaration that any Law or action of the state is inconsistent with, or is in contravention of this Charter.

3. The Supreme Court shall determine all such applications on a priority basis.

CHAPTER TWO
THE SOMALI REPUBLIC

ARTICLE 5
THE CAPITAL CITY

1. The Capital of the Somali Republic shall be Mogadishu (Hamar - Xamar).

2. Parliament shall pass legislation governing the Administration of the Capital City.

ARTICLE 6
THE FLAG AND EMBLEM

1. The National flag for the Transitional Federal Government shall be of rectangular shape, azure in colour with a white star and five equal points emblazoned in the centre.

2. The emblem of Transitional Federal Government shall be composed of an azure escutcheon with a gold border, which shall bear a Silver five-pointed star.

3. The escutcheon shall be surmounted by embattlement with five equal points in Moorish style, two lateral points halved, borne by two leopards rampant in natural form facing each other, resting on two lances crossing under the point of the escutcheon with two palm leaves in natural form interlaced with a white ribbon.

ARTICLE 7
LANGUAGES

1. The official languages of the Somali Republic shall be Somali (Maay and Maxaatiri) and Arabic.

2. The second languages of the Transitional Federal Government shall be English and Italian.

ARTICLE 8
RELIGION

1. Islam shall be the religion of the Somali Republic.

2. The Islamic Sharia shall be the basic source for national legislation.

ARTICLE 9
THE NATIONAL SYMBOLS

1. The national symbols of the Somali Republic shall consist of: -
(a) The National Flag;
(b) The National Anthem
(c) The National Emblem and
(d) The Public Seal.

CHAPTER THREE
CITIZENSHIP

CHAPTER FOUR
THE TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

ARTICLE 11

1. The Transitional Federal Government of the Somali Republic shall have a decentralised system of administration based on federalism.

2. The Somali Republic shall comprise of :-

a) The Transitional federal Government.
b) State Governments (Two or more regions federated, according to their free will)
c) Regional Administrations
d) District Administrations

3. The present Charter shall be the basis for the federal constitution.

a) While the new Constitution is being drafted, a National Census shall be undertaken simultaneously.

b) After which an internationally supervised National Referendum shall be undertaken to approve the new Constitution.

c) The Transitional Federal Government will request the International Community to provide both technical and financial support.

4. The Transitional Federal Government shall promote and develop the State Governments, Regional and District Administrations subject to the legislation and the guidelines of the Federal Constitutional Commission on the formation of the Transitional Federal Government.

5. The State Governments, Regional and District Administrations shall cover all the regions of Somalia.

6. The Council of Ministers of the Transitional Federal Government shall within 90 days of assuming office propose to the President names of persons to be appointed to an independent Federal Constitution Commission to ensure that a Federation is achieved within the time set out under this charter;

7. Parliament shall make laws relating to the mandate of the Commission and the qualifications and terms of service of its members;

8. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this Charter relating to the formation of government ministries, there shall be established a Ministry of Federal and Constitutional affairs that shall be charged with the task of implementing Constitutional and Federal affairs;

9. The Transitional Federal Government shall ensure that the process of federating Somalia shall take place within a period of two and a half years from the date that the commission is established;

10. In the event that the Transitional Federal Government is unable to complete the process of federalism all over Somalia within the prescribed period of two and half years, the Government shall request Parliament for a vote of confidence, failing which the Transitional Federal Parliament shall withdraw its support and a new Transitional Federal Government shall be formed in the manner set out in this charter;

11. The new Transitional Federal Government formed under Clause (8) herein shall undertake to complete the process of federalism all over Somalia within a period of one (1) year failing which the provisions of article 11(8) above shall apply.

ARTICLE 12
AUXILARY ORGANS

1. There shall be the following support institutions of the Transitional Federal Government: -

(a) Auditor General;

(b) Attorney General;

(c) Accountant General;

(d) Governor of Central Bank.

2. Parliament shall make laws defining the functions of the auxiliary organs set out under (1).

3. The above organs shall execute their functions and responsibilities in the whole country in conformity to their respective mandates established by law.

ARTICLE 13
DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES AND POSITIONS

1. The Transitional Federal Government, shall on the coming into force of this charter pass legislation ensuring equitable appropriation and allocation of resources in the country.

2. The Transitional Federal Government shall ensure that all appointments in the service of the Government shall be based on qualifications and fair distribution among the Citizens.

CHAPTER FIVE
PROTECTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS & FREEDOMS OF THE PEOPLE

CHAPTER SIX
THE STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION OF THE STATE

PART 1

ARTICLE 28
PARLIAMENT

1. The legislative powers of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia shall be vested in Parliament.

2. The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic shall have a single Chamber.

3. The members of the Parliament shall represent the unity of the nation.

ARTICLE 29
THE COMPOSITION OF PARLIAMENT

The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic shall consist of Two Hundred and Seventy Five (275) Members of which at least Twelve Percent (12%) shall be women.

ARTICLE 30
APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT

a) The Parliament envisaged under article 28 above shall be appointed as follows;

a) Selection of the Members of Parliament shall be made at the sub sub-clan level.

b) Any member of a sub sub-clan is eligible for selection as a Member of Parliament irrespective of whether he or she is present at the conference.

c) Selection shall be undertaken in a transparent manner and the Political Leaders, Politicians and Traditional Leaders are called upon to play their roles.

d) Having ensured full endorsement of the traditional leaders to the compiled list of selected MPs, the Somali Management 85 Facilitation Committee will further submit the said list to the IGAD Facilitation Committee within the timeframe specified.

2) Any vacancy that arises after the coming into force of this Charter shall be filled through the same procedure as stated in Article 30(1) above.

ARTICLE 31
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP OF PARLIAMENT

1. A person shall be eligible to be a Member of Parliament if that person: -

a. Is a citizen of the Somali Republic;

b. Has attained at least twenty five years (25) years of age;

c. Is of good character.

d. Is of sound mind

2) A person shall be disqualified from being a Member of Parliament if that person :-

a) Holds any other public appointment other than as member of the Cabinet;

b) Has been pronounced as being of unsound mind;

c) Has been convicted of an interdictable offence;

d) Has been removed from any public office on grounds of gross misconduct or corruption.

ARTICLE 32
THE TERM OF THE TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL PARLIAMENT

1. The term of the Transitional Federal Parliament shall be five (5) years.

2. The tenure of parliament shall commence from the date of taking the oath of office and shall continue until the date of commencement of the next parliament.

3. Parliament shall meet in its first session within 30 days from the date two-thirds of the members of the Parliament shall have taken the oath of office.

4. The term of the Transitional Federal Parliament shall not be extended.

5. The first meeting of the Parliament shall be chaired by the most senior member in age until a Speaker is elected.

ARTICLE 33
FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENT.

Parliament shall discharge the following functions: -

a) Election of the President of the Transitional Federal Government;

b) Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker

c) Making legislation ;

d) Approval and adoption of the annual budget.

e) Consideration of motions of confidence in the

f) Government;

g) Making of internal parliamentary regulations;

h) Investigate any matter of public interest

i) Hold public hearings

j) Ratification of international agreements and treaties;

ARTICLE 34
PROCEDURES IN PARLIAMENT

1. The Parliament shall hold two (2) ordinary sessions annually.

2. The Parliament may be convened in extraordinary sessions by the Speaker at the request of the President or upon requisition by one third of its members.

3. Meetings of Parliament or its committees shall be valid with the presence of half plus one of its members.

ARTICLE 35
PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF PARLIAMENT

1. No member of parliament may be prosecuted for any opinion or Views expressed in parliament.

2. No criminal proceedings shall be instituted against a member of parliament unless in a case of flagranto delicto.

3. No member of parliament shall be interrogated in connection with criminal investigation, nor shall his person or domicile be subjected to search while executing duties of a parliamentarian.

4. Parliament shall make law on the emoluments of its members, which shall be limited to sitting per diem of the parliamentary session and its committees.

ARTICLE 36
LEGISLATION

1) When a Law has been passed by Parliament, it shall be presented to the President for Assent.

2) The President shall, within twenty-one (21) days after the Law has been presented to him/her for assent under sub-section(1), notify the speaker that he/she assents to the Law or refuses to assent to it.

3) Where the President refuses to assent to a Law he/she shall, within fourteen (14) days of the refusal, submit a memorandum to the speaker indicating the specific provisions of the Law which in his/her opinion should be reconsidered for amendments.

4) The Parliament shall reconsider a Law referred to it by the President taking into account the comments of the presidents and shall either :-

a) Approve the recommendations proposed by the President with or without amendment and resubmit the Law to the President for assent; or

b) Refuse to accept the recommendations and approve the Law in its original form by a resolution supported by Votes of not less than sixty –five (65)percent of all the Members of the Parliament in which case the president Shall assent to the Law within fourteen (14) days of the Passing of the resolution. 5.A law made by Parliament and assented to by the president shall not come into operation until it has been published in the official bulletin.

ARTICLE 37
OFFICERS OF PARLIAMENT

Parliament shall have the following officers:

a) The Speaker

b) Two Deputy Speakers

c) Other officers appointed by parliament

Parliament shall elect the Speaker and the two Deputy Speakers from among its members in its first sitting.

ARTICLE 38
PROCEEDINGS OF PARLIAMENT

Every Parliamentary sitting shall be presided over by: -

a) The Speaker or

b) In the absence of the Speaker any of the Deputy Speakers;

c) In the absence of the Speaker or any of the Deputy Speakers, such other Member of Parliament as the members shall elect.

CHAPTER SEVEN

PART II

THE PRESIDENT

CHAPTER EIGHT
PART III

THE EXECUTIVE

ARTICLE 46
THE PRIME MINISTER

1. The Executive power shall vest in the Council of Ministers.

2. The President shall appoint the Prime Minister who shall be the leader and chair of the Council of Ministers.

DEPUTY PRIME MINISTERS AND MINISTERS

3. The Prime Minister shall propose to the President 3 names of persons to be appointed Deputy Prime Ministers;

4. The Prime Minister shall propose to the President names of persons to be appointed Ministers and Assistant Ministers;

5. The Prime Minister shall propose to the President names of persons eligible to be appointed as Ministers and Assistant Ministers.

6. Each Deputy Prime Ministers shall have a ministerial portfolio and shall supervise a group of related ministries in the political, social and economic sectors. Their specific duties shall be specified by legislation.

ARTICLE 47
QUALIFICATION OF THE PRIME MINISTER AND DEPUTY PRIME MINISTERS

1. The Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and Assistant Ministers shall have the following qualifications:

a) Be a citizen of the Somali Republic;

b) Be a member of Parliament;

c) Have attained the age of forty (40) years in the case of the Prime Minister and the thirty-five (35) years in the case of the Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and Assistant Ministers;

d) Have proven leadership qualities and political experience.

ARTICLE 48
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PRIME MINISTER

1. The Prime Minster shall have the following responsibilities –

(a) Preside over the meetings of the Council of Ministers.

(b) Be responsible for the promotion, co-ordination and supervision of government policy and general administration.

ARTICLE 49
TENURE OF OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER

1. A person whose appointment as Prime Minister has been confirmed by the Parliament shall assume office upon taking the oath hereunder.

"In the name of Allah I swear that I will discharge faithfully all my duties as Prime Minister in the interest of the people and that I will abide by the Charter and laws of the Somali Republic".

2. The term of office of the Prime Minister shall continue until:

a) He/ She dies, resigns or is dismissed from office; or

b) Until another person is appointed to that office.

ARTICLE 50
RESIGNATION OF THE PRIME/DEPUTY MINISTER

1. The Prime Minister and/or the Deputy Prime Ministers may resign from office by delivering a written statement of resignation to the President.

2. The resignation stated under Clause (1) shall take effect on the date and the time specified in the resignation and upon acceptance by the President.

ARTICLE 51
DISMISSAL OF THE PRIME/DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER (s).

1. If Parliament, by a vote supported by more than fifty per cent (50%) of its members, passes a motion of no confidence in the Prime Minister, the President shall dismiss the Prime Minister, and other Members of the Council of Ministers.

ARTICLE 52
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

1. There shall be a Council of Ministers, which shall consist of:

a) The Prime Minister

b) The Deputy Prime Ministers

c) The Ministers

2. The Council of Ministers shall: -

a) Develop government policy and implement national budgets;

b) Prepare and initiate Government legislation for introduction to Parliament;

c) Implement and administer Acts of Parliament;

d) Co-ordinate the functions of government Ministries

e) Perform any other functions provided for by the Charter or an Act of Parliament, except those reserved for the President.

3. Each person appointed as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister or Assistant Minister:

a) Assumes office by swearing in the name of Allah and allegiance to the Somali Republic 'and obedience to the Charter.

b) May resign by delivering a written statement of resignation to the Prime Minister and the President;

c) Shall continue in office until he/she dies, resigns or is dismissed or until another person is appointed to that office.

ARTICLE 53
ROLE OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

1) Unless otherwise stated, the decision of the Council of Ministers shall be in writing.

2) The Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers shall assist and advise the Prime Minister.

3) The Council of Minister shall be accountable collectively based on the principles of collective responsibility, to Parliament for all things done including:

a) The exercise of their powers and the performance of their functions;

b) The administration and implementation of legislation assigned to them.

4) The Three (3) Deputy Prime Ministers and Ministers shall be individually accountable to the Prime Minister for the exercise of the powers and the performance of the functions assigned to each of them.

5) A Minister shall attend before Parliament, or a Committee of Parliament, when required to do so, and answer any question concerning a matter assigned to that Minister and his/her Ministry.

6) The Council of Ministers shall set the General policy of the Government in accordance with the Charter and laws of the land.

7) If parliament, by a vote supported by more than fifty percent of its members, passes a motion of no confidence against member of the cabinet, except the Prime Minister & his deputies, the President shall dismiss that member.

CHAPTER NINE
PART IV

THE JUDICIARY

ARTICLE 54
JUDICIAL AUTHORITY

1. The judicial power of the Somali Republic shall vest in the courts.

2. The judicial power shall encompass jurisdiction over Civil, Criminal, Administrative and Commercial matters and any matter specified by this Charter or any other laws of the land.

ARTICLE 55
INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY

1. The Judiciary shall be independent of the legislative and executive branches of Government and in the exercise of their judicial functions; the members of the judiciary shall be subject only to the law.

2. A Judge shall be removed from office only for inability to perform the functions of his/her office (whether arising from infirmity of body or mind or from any other cause) or for misbehaviour, and shall not be removed except in accordance to this Clause.

3. A Judge shall be removed from office by the President if the question of his/her removal has been referred to a Tribunal appointed by the Parliament and the Tribunal has recommended to the Parliament that the Judge ought to be removed from office for inability as aforesaid or misbehaviour.

4. Members of the judiciary shall not hold offices, perform services, or engage in activities incompatible with their functions.

5. Administrative and disciplinary measures relating to members of the judiciary shall be adopted, as provided by law, by decree of the President of the Republic on the proposal of the minister of Justice and Religious Affairs and in conformity to the decision of the Judicial Service Council.

6. The Judiciary shall not be subject to the direction of any other organ or body.

7. The Judiciary shall interpret and implement the law in accordance with the Charter and laws.

8. Parliament shall make law setting the terms of the appointment, dismissal, discipline and terms of service of Judges.

ARTICLE 56
THE JUDICIAL PROCESS

1. Judicial proceedings shall be open to the public, but the court may decide, for reasons of morals, hygiene or public order, that the proceedings be held in camera.

2. No judicial decision shall be taken unless all the parties have had the opportunity of presenting their case.

3. All judicial decisions and measures concerning personal liberty shall state the grounds thereof.

ARTICLE 57
JUDICIAL PRINCIPLES

1. No extraordinary or special courts shall be established, except for military tribunals, which shall have jurisdiction only over military offences committed by members of the armed forces both during war and peacetime.

2. The public, both civilian and military shall directly participate in Judiciary proceedings in conformity with those laws defining such participation.

ARTICLE 58
JUDICIAL IMMUNITY

No criminal proceedings shall be instituted against a sitting judge, nor be interrogated as object of criminal investigation, or his person or domicile be searched nor shall be arrested unless caught in the commission of a crime, or without the authorization of the Judicial Service Council.

ARTICLE 59
APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES

1. All the Judges shall be appointed by the President acting in accordance with the advice of the Judicial Service Council.

2. The appointment of Judges shall be based on legal qualifications and competence.

3. A person shall not qualify to be appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court unless:

I. He/she is, or has been, a Judge of the Appeal Court having unlimited jurisdiction in Civil, Commercial and Criminal matters; or

II. He/she is an advocate of the High Court of Somalia of not less than five (5) years standing; or

4. 4 If the office of a Judge is vacant, or if a Judge for any reason is unable to discharge the functions of his/her office, or a judge retires at the attainment of sixty-five (65) years of age; the a new judge shall be appointed on the proposal of the Judicial Service Council by the President.

ARTICLE 60
THE COURT SYSTEM

1. The court system shall consist of :

(a) The Transitional Supreme Court
(b) The Transitional Appeal Court
(c) Other Courts established by Law

ARTICLE 61
THE SUPREME COURT

1. There shall be a Supreme Court, which shall be the highest court in the Somali Republic and shall have unlimited original jurisdiction in the whole territory in Civil, Criminal, Commercial and such other powers as may be conferred on it by this Charter or any other law.

2. In addition to any other jurisdiction under this Charter or any other law, the Supreme Court shall have the power to hear and determine judgement on any dispute about the Transitional Federal Charter and other laws.

3. One of the Judges of the Supreme Court shall be the President of the Court and such other Judges as may be prescribed by Law.

4. The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have the security of Tenure while in office.

5. Parliament shall make law regarding the structure and composition of the Supreme Court.

ARTICLE 62
SEAT OF THE SUPREME COURT

The seat of the Supreme Court shall be in the capital of the Somali Republic.

ARTICLE 63
THE JUDICIAL SERVICE COUNCIL

1. There shall be a Judicial Service Council, which shall undertake and direct the General Policy and the Administration of the Judiciary as prescribed by law.

2. The Judicial Service Council shall comprise:-

a) President of the Supreme Court.

b) The Attorney General of the Republic.

c) Three (3) Judges elected from the Supreme Court.

d) Four (4) Lawyers selected from the private law practitioners by the Law Society of Somalia.

3. Members of the Council shall enjoy similar privileges and immunity as that of the Judges.

4. 4. The Council shall be responsible for the appointment, transfers conduct, discipline and remuneration of Judges.

5. The term of each council member shall be four years.

ARTICLE 64
THE OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.

1. The office of the Attorney General shall be a division of the judicial institution and shall comprise of :-

a) The Attorney General whose duty shall be to safeguard the implementation of the laws in the whole Republic. His duties, responsibilities and scope of duties shall be specified by law ;

b) The Attorney General shall be appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers ;

c) The Attorney General shall be the principal legal adviser to the Transitional Federal Government;

d) (d)The State and Districts Attorney Generals whose powers are limited to specific regions and districts will be appointed as specified in sub section (b).

2. It shall be the responsibility of the Attorney General to promote and uphold the Rule of Law.

CHAPTER TEN

ARTICLE 65
SECURITY AND DEFENCE FORCES

1. The Somali Republic shall have a national armed force consisting of the army and police.

2. The Armed forces shall faithfully abide and preserve the Charter , the laws of the land and unity of the country.

3. The law shall regulate the structure and function of the armed forces and the system of co-operation and co-ordination amongst them in the fulfillment of their institutional duties.

CHAPTER ELEVEN
LAND AND PROPERTY

ARTICLE 66
THE POLICY FOR LAND

1. Land being Somalia’s primary resources and the basis of Livelihood for the people shall be held, used and managed in a Manner which is equitable, efficient, productive and sustainable.

2. The Government shall define and keep constant the national Land policy and framework of the land in the Somali Republic which shall ensure the registration, use, ownership, access, occupation, management rights, security, interests and title of the land.

ARTICLE 67
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION.

1. The natural resources of the country such as the minerals, water, flora and fauna shall be public property and a law shall be enacted which defines the manner of exploitation for the common good.

2. The Transitional Federal Government shall give priority to the protection, conservation, and preservation of the environment against anything that may cause harm to the natural bio- diversity and ecosystem.

3. Every person in the Somali Republic shall have a duty to safeguard and enhance the environment and participate in the development, execution, management, conservation and protection of the natural resources and environment.

4. The Transitional Federal Government shall adopt urgent measures to clean up the hazardous waste dumped on and off shores of the Somali Republic. Compensation shall be demanded of those found liable for such crimes.

5. The Transitional Federal Government shall take urgent steps to reverse the trend in desertification, deforestation, environmental degradation, illegal charcoal burning and export of endangered wildlife species.

CHAPTER TWELVE
NATIONAL COMMISSIONS

ARTICLE 68
INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEES

1. There shall be established such independent Commissions and Committees as may be necessary.

2. The establishment of independent commission s, their structures and functions shall be proposed by the Council of Ministers and approved by Parliament.

3. The respective ministers shall propose the components of these commissions to the Council as stated below: -

a) Federal constitutional Commission
b) National Commission for Reconciliation.
c) National Population and Demographic Census Commission.
d) Civil Service Commission.
e) National Commission for the recovery and registration of public and private property.
f) National Resettlement Commission.
g) Somalia Olympic Commission.
h) State Boundary Demarcation Commission.
i) Disarmament and demobilization Commission.
j) Economic recovery Commission;
k) Land and Property Disputes Commission.
l) Electoral Commission

CHAPTER THIRTEEN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

ARTICLE 69
INTERNATIONAL AND BILATERAL RELATIONS

1. The Transitional Federal Government of the Somali Republic shall uphold the rules of international law and all international treaties applicable to the Somali Republic and subject to the legislative Acts of Parliament, international laws accepted and adopted shall be enforced.

2. The Transitional Federal Government of the Somali Republic shall uphold all bilateral agreements concluded by the Somali Republic

CHAPTER FOURTEEN
AMENDMENT OF THE CHARTER

ARTICLE 70
AMENDMENT OF THE CHARTER.

1. Subject to this Article, Parliament shall have the power to add, amend, alter, vary or otherwise revise this Charter.

2. An Amendment of this Charter may be initiated only by the introduction of a Motion for that purpose supported by not less than one third (1/3) and passed by not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the total members of parliament.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN
TRANSITORY CLAUSE AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE CHARTER

ARTICLE 71
TRANSITIONAL PERIOD

1. The Charter shall have legal effect pending the eventual enforcement of the National Federal Constitution.

2. The 1960 Somalia Constitution and other national laws shall apply in respect of all matters not covered and not inconsistent with this Charter.

3. The Transitional Federal Government shall endeavour to repossess and restore to the state all public properties, either movable or immovable, within or outside the country.

4. In respect of private property currently held illegally, Government shall endeavour to restore it to the rightful owners.

5. The Transitional Federal Government shall devote the necessary efforts to restore peace and security, free movement of people, goods and services, disarmament and collection of illegal weapons in the hands of the public for safekeeping rehabilitation and reintegration of all militia in co-operation
1. with regional administrations, traditional elders and members of the international community.

6. The Transitional Federal Government shall make necessary efforts to resettle refugees and displaced persons.

7. The ongoing development projects in the country may continue, provided they do not infringe on the sovereignty of the state and do not harm the environment. All new projects are subject to Transitional Federal Government guidelines and approval.

8. Effective from the conclusion of the Somali National Reconciliation Conference held in Kenya, all militia organizations, armed groups and factions in the territory of the Somali Republic shall cease to exist and shall turn in their weapons to the Transitional Federal Government.

9. The present Charter shall be the basis for the federal constitution whose draft shall be completed within two and half (2 1/2) years and be adopted by popular referendum during the final year of the transitional period.

10. The Transitional Federal Government shall take all necessary measures to combat tribalism, nepotism, looting of public properties, corruption and all fraudulent activities, which may undermine the functioning of state organs and decent traditions of the society.

11. The Transitional Federal Government shall audit and assess all ongoing foreign funded development projects with a view to establishing whether they infringe on Sovereignty or state security or impair the culture, environment or health of the people.

12. For the avoidance of doubt, this Charter shall come into force on the date the delegates at the Somali National Reconciliation Conference in Kenya approve it and continue to be operational until the approval and enforcement of the federal constitution.


SCHEDULE I

THE POWER OF THE TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

The Transitional Federal Government shall have authority throughout the Somali Republic over the following matters –

1. Foreign Affairs.
2. Defence and Security.
3. Finance and Central Bank.
4. Establishment of State structures.
5. Posts and Telecommunications.
6. Immigration and Naturalization.
7. Ports Administration.
8. Planning and Economic Development.
9. Natural Resources.
10. Acceptance and licensing of private companies specifically at national level.
11. Collecting import/export and indirect taxes.

SCHEDULE II

POWERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS

The State Governments shall control the following functions within their territories :–

1. Education.
2. Health.
3. Regional Roads.
4. Environment protection.
5. Regional police.
6. Housing.
7. Water and Electricity Development.
8. Agricultural Development and Water
9. Management.
10. Livestock and rangeland development.
11. Development of small businesses and states
12. business co-operations
13. Settlement of population.
14. Develop state constitutions their state flags and
15. state emblem.
16. Appoint their state election committees and
17. implement the state elections.
18. Collect all direct taxes
19. Promote sports, arts, literature and folklore.
20. Business licenses.
21. Town planning and construction permits.
22. Public sanitation.
23. Recreation centres and child gardens.
24. General Public Health.

SCHEDULE III

The reports of the six Reconciliation Committees of the Somali National
Reconciliation Conference in Kenya 2002-2003.

SCHEDULE IV

List of the delegates, political leaders and political groups.