United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

(i)Said [2016] EWCA Civ 442 is not to be read to exclude the possibility that Article 3 ECHR could be engaged by conditions of extreme material deprivation. Factors to be considered include the location where the harm arises, and whether it results from deliberate action or omission. (ii) In cases where the material deprivation is not intentionally caused the threshold is the modified N test set out in AM (Zimbabwe) [2020] UKSC 17. The question will be whether conditions are such that there is a real risk that the individual concerned will be exposed to intense suffering or a significant reduction in life expectancy. (iii) The Qualification Directive continues to have direct effect following the UK withdrawal from the EU.

22 July 2021 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): EU Qualification Directive - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Livelihoods | Countries: Somalia - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

1. This country guidance applies to protection claims from Iranians who claim to have converted from Islam to Christianity. 2. Insofar as they relate to non-ethnic Christians, this decision replaces the country guidance decisions in FS and Others (Iran – Christian Converts) Iran CG [2004] UKIAT 00303 and SZ and JM (Christians – FS confirmed) Iran CG [2008] UKAIT 00082 which are no longer to be followed.

20 February 2020 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | Topic(s): Christian - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) - Returnees | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

violation of article 3 (prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment).

28 February 2019 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Refugee camps - Unaccompanied / Separated children | Countries: Afghanistan - France - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

11 July 2017 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Credibility assessment - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Refugee identity documents - Travel documents | Countries: Iraq - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

30 January 2015 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) | Topic(s): Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Right to health | Countries: Congo, Democratic Republic of the - Ghana - India - Jamaica - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

23 January 2015 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - National security / Public order | Countries: Algeria - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

3 November 2014 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) | Topic(s): Appeal / Right to appeal - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Prison or detention conditions | Countries: Hungary - Sudan - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

This decision replaces FP (Return - Cabinda - Non-Luandan) Angola, which ceases to be country guidance.

8 September 2014 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | Topic(s): Cabinda - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Return conditions - Returnees | Countries: Angola - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

10 July 2014 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) | Topic(s): Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) - Exclusion clauses - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Terrorism | Countries: Tunisia - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

16 April 2014 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) | Topic(s): Convention refugee - Deportation / Forcible return - Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) - Regional instruments | Countries: Jamaica - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland