Asylum-migration nexus / Climate change (including environmental migrants)

9.11 The Committee takes note of the observation of the Immigration and Protection Tribunal that climate change-induced harm can occur through sudden-onset events and slowonset processes. Reports indicate that sudden-onset events are discrete occurrences that have an immediate and obvious impact over a period of hours or days, while slow-onset effects may have a gradual, adverse impact on livelihoods and resources over a period of months to years. Both sudden-onset events (such as intense storms and flooding) and slow-onset processes (such as sea level rise, salinization, and land degradation) can propel cross-border movement of individuals seeking protection from climate change-related harm. 27 The Committee is of the view that without robust national and international efforts, the effects of climate change in receiving states may expose individuals to a violation of their rights under articles 6 or 7 of the Covenant, thereby triggering the non-refoulement obligations of sending states. Furthermore, given that the risk of an entire country becoming submerged under water is such an extreme risk, the conditions of life in such a country may become incompatible with the right to life with dignity before the risk is realized.

7 January 2020 | Judicial Body: UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) - Non-refoulement - Right to life | Countries: Kiribati - New Zealand

STATE OBLIGATIONS IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROTECTION AND GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS TO LIFE AND TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY: INTERPRETATION AND SCOPE OF ARTICLES 4(1) AND 5(1) IN RELATION TO ARTICLES 1(1) AND 2 OF THE AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS

15 November 2017 | Judicial Body: Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACrtHR) | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) - Human rights courts - Human rights law | Countries: Colombia

20 July 2015 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Supreme Court | Topic(s): 1951 Refugee Convention - Appeal / Right to appeal - Climate change (including environmental migrants) - Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) - Denial of refugee status - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) - Jurisdiction - Livelihoods - Refugee / Asylum law - Right to family life | Countries: Kiribati - New Zealand

4 June 2014 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal | Legal Instrument: 1951 Refugee Convention | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) - Denial of refugee status | Countries: New Zealand - Tuvalu

25 June 2013 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) | Countries: Kiribati - New Zealand

10 December 2009 | Judicial Body: Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) - Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) - Livelihoods - Social group persecution | Countries: Australia - Kiribati

3 April 2009 | Judicial Body: Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACrtHR) | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) - Freedom of assembly and association - Human rights law - Right to justice - Right to life | Countries: Honduras

This judgment is subject to editorial revision before its reproduction in final form in the official reports of selected judgments and decisions of the Court.

18 January 2001 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) | Countries: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

18 January 2001 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) | Countries: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

17 August 2000 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority | Topic(s): Climate change (including environmental migrants) - Grounds for persecution - Social group persecution | Countries: New Zealand - Tuvalu