Iraq

Annual Reports 641
Case Law 347
Chronologies of Events 21
Commentaries 5
Compilations 3
Concluding Observations 13
Conference Reports 5
Country Briefing Folders 2
Country News 4,278
Country Operations Plans 2
Country Profiles 4
Country Reports 787
Country/Situation Specific Position Papers 53
Court Interventions / Amicus Curiae 15
Fact Finding Reports 16
Legal Articles/Analyses/Commentaries 14
Maps 316
Memoranda of Understanding 1
Mission Reports 3
Multilateral Treaties/Agreements 1
National Decrees, Circulars, Regulation, Policy Documents 57
National Legislation 36
National Legislation Compilations/Analyses 1
Policy/Position Papers 4
Presidential Statements 25
Query Responses 481
Regional Legislation 1
Regional Reports 25
Research, Background and Discussion Papers 10
Resolutions/Recommendations/Declarations 137
Sessional Reports 6
Speeches/Statements 22
States Parties Reports 14
Statistics 1
Thematic Guidelines 1
Thematic Reports 107
UNHCR Country Updates 128

1951 Refugee Convention 3
Abduction 205
Abuse of psychiatry 2
Access to procedures 19
Access to water 27
Accession 1
Acts of persecution 2
Administrative courts 2
Administrative law 20
Adoption 1
Afars 1
Africans 5
Agents of persecution 2
Ahmadis 6
Ahwazi 2
Airports 12
Alawi 3
Albanians 7
Albinism/Persons with Albinism 6
Aliens 2
Anglican 9
Animist 1
Anti-terrorism law 28
Appeal / Right to appeal 11
Arabs 58
Arbitrary arrest and detention 200
Armed attacks on camps 50
Armed forces / Military 388
Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 1,033
Armenian 13
Arrival 10
Article 1D 1
Assyrians 31
Asylum policy 29
Asylum-migration nexus 17
Asylum-seekers 164
Atheist / Agnostic 2
Baha'i 29
Bail 2
Baptist 5
Bedoon 6
Blood feuds 2
Border conflict 60
Border controls 26
Border crossers 23
Buddhist 18
Burden of proof 5
Burden-sharing and international co-operation 15
Camp management 10
Capacity building of state institutions 14
Catholic 28
Ceasefire 102
Cessation clauses 6
Chaldean 33
Changes of circumstances in home country 19
Chechen 16
Child labour 29
Child prostitution 17
Child soldiers 51
Children's rights 162
Children-at-risk 175
Chinese 2
Christian 276
Circassians 1
Citizenship / Nationality law 38
Civil and political rights 16
Civil rights legislation 3
Civil war 72
Civilian character of asylum 3
Climate change (including environmental migrants) 6
Combatants / Former combatants 15
Communal conflict / Social conflict 71
Community development 1
Complementary forms of protection 34
Conflict prevention 6
Conflict resolution 65
Conflict situation 152
Constitutional law 8
Contemporary forms of slavery 12
Convention Plus 2
Convention against Torture (CAT) 3
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 4
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 10
Convention refugee 2
Copts 10
Corruption 104
Country of origin information (COI) 77
Coup d'état 22
Credibility assessment 21
Crime prevention 1
Crimean Tatars 4
Crimes against humanity 59
Criminal justice 74
Dalit 1
Death in custody 8
Death penalty 246
Death squads 11
Decision on admissibility 1
Demobilization / Disarmament 25
Democracy 22
Denial of nationality 2
Denial of refugee status 6
Deportation / Forcible return 121
Dinka 1
Disappeared persons 90
Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 94
Domestic violence 46
Drug trafficking 8
Druze 4
EU Qualification Directive 23
Economic, social and cultural rights 57
Effective protection 27
Effective remedy 42
Election law 12
Elections 433
Embargo 5
Emigrants 8
Entry / Exit 11
Entry into force 1
Equal opportunities 4
Equality before the law 2
Ethiopians 4
Ethnic cleansing 10
Evacuation 5
Evangelical 9
Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 33
Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) 10
Exclusion clauses 13
Exhaustion of domestic remedies 1
Exiles 72
Expedited procedures 1
Expulsion 18
Extended definition 1
Extradition 9
Extrajudicial executions 216
Extreme poverty 9
False documents 11
Falun Gong 4
Family law 6
Family reunification 15
Female genital mutilation (FGM) 43
Flight by land, air or sea 12
Forced labour 36
Forced marriage 48
Forced relocation 5
Foreign occupation 34
Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 239
Freedom of assembly and association 224
Freedom of conscience 7
Freedom of expression 939
Freedom of information 430
Freedom of movement 110
Freedom of religion 184
Freedom of speech 319
Fresh / New claim 4
Fulani 7
Gang related violence 6
Gender discrimination 71
Gender mainstreaming 2
Gender-based persecution 42
Generalized violence 20
Genocide 24
Good governance 107
Good offices 1
Gross, systematic and large-scale 3
Grounds for persecution 3
Group / Prima facie determination 8
HIV and AIDS 15
Habeas corpus 1
Habitual residence 2
Han 2
Harmful traditional practices 27
Hazara 1
High Commissioner's Forum 2
Hijacking 2
Hindu 10
Honour killings 59
Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 52
Human Rights Council 19
Human rights activists 86
Human rights and fundamental freedoms 201
Human rights courts 2
Human rights law 6
Human rights monitors 27
Humanitarian assistance 465
Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay) 2
Hutus 1
IDP camps 148
Illegal entry 14
Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 9
Immigrants 14
Immigration Detention 56
Immigration law 14
Immunity 8
Impunity 80
Inclusion clauses 1
Independence of judiciary 18
Indigenous persons 9
Integration 24
Internal armed conflict 787
Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 83
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 964
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CPED) 3
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 5
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 3
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 3
International armed conflict 24
International courts and tribunals 23
International criminal law 6
International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 72
International protection 27
Involuntary repatriation 9
Iranians 34
Jehovah's Witness 1
Jew 26
Jurisdiction 4
Juvenile justice system 1
Kachin 7
Karen 1
Khmer 1
Kosovar 1
Kurd 681
Labour law 2
Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 53
Law of the sea 1
Legal representation / Legal aid 7
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 120
Livelihoods 22
Location of camps 94
Mandate status 4
Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 4
Maronite 2
Mass exodus 2
Maternal and child health care 20
Memoranda of understanding (MOU) 2
Mental health 11
Mentally disadvantaged persons 3
Mercenaries 5
Migrant rights 11
Migrants 159
Military courts 15
Military law 4
Military operations 510
Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 72
Minorities 165
Minority rights 59
Multiple nationality 7
Muslim 232
National security / Public order 19
Naturalization 7
Nepalis 2
Ngbandi 1
Non-refoulement 23
Non-state agents of persecution 83
Older persons 7
One-child policy / Family planning 4
Opposition 142
Orderly return 1
Orthodox Christian 19
Palestinian 103
Pashtun 1
Passports 27
Peace agreements 78
Peace process 40
Peacekeeping 101
Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 26
Persecution based on nationality 5
Persecution based on political opinion 225
Persecution of family members 18
Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 66
Persons not in need of international protection 6
Persons of concern to UNHCR 15
Persons with disabilities 42
Physical harm 1
Piracy 1
Police 167
Political asylum 5
Political groups 91
Political parties 235
Political situation 633
Polygamy 7
Population transfers 3
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 5
Pre-entry procedures 2
Pre-trial detention 30
Prevention of discrimination 3
Prison or detention conditions 106
Prisoners of war 4
Proof of nationality 8
Property restitution 31
Prosecution vs persecution 8
Prostitution / Commercial sex work 15
Protection of camps 12
Protection of civilian persons in time of war 315
Protestant 16
Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 205
Public health 98
Punjabis 1
Racial / Ethnic persecution 76
Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 9
Ratification 1
Re-entry 2
Readmission 1
Reception 34
Reconciliation 41
Referendum 47
Refoulement 32
Refugee / Asylum law 15
Refugee camps 163
Refugee identity documents 20
Refugee seamen 15
Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 42
Refugee travel documents / CTDs 12
Refugees 803
Refugees sur place 1
Regional instruments 11
Registration 34
Reintegration 12
Rejected asylum-seekers 20
Rejection at border 10
Religious discrimination 126
Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 231
Rescue at sea / Interception at sea 11
Reservation 2
Resettlement 66
Residence permits / Residency 52
Return conditions 74
Returnees 141
Right to a nationality 22
Right to development 1
Right to education 69
Right to employment 33
Right to family life 13
Right to food 31
Right to health 49
Right to justice 33
Right to leave 7
Right to liberty and security 24
Right to life 22
Right to registration at birth 9
Right to return 8
Right to seek asylum 12
Right to self-determination 26
Rights of non-citizens 4
Rohingya (Arakanese) 13
Roma 17
Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 126
Sabean Mandean 35
Sabians 5
Safe country of origin 17
Safe third country 25
Saharawis 1
Salafi 23
Sale of children 6
Sanctions 25
Secondary movement 14
Security forces 404
Security situation 1,082
Serb 2
Serious non-political crime 4
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) 201
Sexual and reproductive rights 7
Shabak 50
Shan 2
Sharia law 6
Shia 381
Sindhis 2
Single heads of household 7
Single procedure 8
Small arms 5
Smuggling of persons 14
Social group discrimination 33
Social group persecution 30
Somalis 2
Spontaneous return 11
Standard of proof 2
State of emergency 42
State protection 38
Statelessness 49
Statelessness Determination Procedures 8
Sufi 7
Sunni 298
Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 15
Suspensive effect 1
Tajik 2
Tamil 12
Tatars 4
Temporary admission 8
Temporary protection 9
Terrorism 1,276
Threats / Intimidation 26
Tibetan 19
Tiv 2
Torture 68
Trafficking in persons 96
Transgression of social / cultural norms 7
Transit 8
Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) 14
Travel documents 14
Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 11
Tuareg 7
Turkmen 74
UNHCR mandate 5
UNRWA 1
Uighur 57
Unaccompanied / Separated children 42
Universal Periodic Review (UPR) 14
Unlawful departure 7
Urban refugees 19
Visas 39
Voluntary repatriation 54
War crimes 103
Well-founded fear of persecution 6
Widowed persons 1
Witchcraft 2
Withdrawal of nationality 8
Witnesses 2
Women's rights 209
Women-at-risk 144
Work permits 20
Yazīdī 179
Zoroastrian 8

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#IBelong Campaign Update, July-September 2022 6 December 2022 \| Publisher: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \| Document type: Thematic Reports
Relevant Country of Origin Information to Assist with the Application of UNHCR's Country Guidance on Iraq: Ability of Iraqis to Legally Access and Settle Durably in Proposed Areas of Internal Relocation November 2022 \| Publisher: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \| Document type: Country Reports
Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of S.A.A. and Others v. Greece (No. 22146/21) before the European Court of Human Rights July 2022 \| Publisher: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \| Document type: Court Interventions / Amicus Curiae
#IBelong Campaign Update, January-March 2022 5 May 2022 \| Publisher: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \| Document type: Thematic Reports
SMO & KSP (Civil status documentation; article 15) Iraq CG [2022] UKUT 00110 (IAC) This decision replaces all existing country guidance on Iraq. 22 April 2022 \| Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) \| Document type: Case Law \| Legal Instrument: 2011 Recast Qualification Directive (EU) \| Topic(s): EU Qualification Directive - Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) - Kurd - Travel documents \| Countries: Iraq - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness 2022 4 March 2022 \| Publisher: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \| Document type: Thematic Reports
E 2372/2021-17 In it’s judgement E 2372/2021 issued 7 October 2021, the Constitutional Court ruled that due to “UNHCR International Protection Considerations with Regard to People Fleeing the Republic of Iraq” from May 2019, Sunni Arab men and boys of fighting age, who lived in an area under ISIS control and/or where ISIS maintains a presence and women and children associated with real or perceived ISIS members on account of their family or tribal relations meet a specific risk profile as they are under general suspicion of supporting ISIS. Therefore, people fulfilling these characteristics are likely in need of international refugee protection, depending on the individual circumstances of the case. Referring to the UNHCR International Protection Considerations as well as the “EASO Country Guidance: Iraq” from January 2021 the Constitutional Court ruled that the Federal Administrative Court must duly take into consideration the individual situation of the complainant against the backdrop of the specific risk profile in case the complainant has put forward fear of persecution because of the affiliation to the risk profile in a substantiated way. In the present case the Federal Administrative Court assumed that the alleged threat by Shiite militias was due to the battles between ISIS, militias and Iraqi units at that time and has not been directed against the complainant or his family directly. It denied an individual persecution without considering that the complainant – a Sunni Arab of fighting age, who lived in an area under ISIS control – was meeting a specific risk profile. The Federal Administrative Court’s findings were thus found to be arbitrary by the Constitutional Court. 27 January 2022 \| Judicial Body: Austria: Constitutional Court of Austria (Verfassungsgerichtshof) \| Document type: Case Law \| Topic(s): Armed forces / Military - Asylum-seekers - International armed conflict - Social group persecution \| Countries: Austria - Iraq
Decision 202101105/1/V1 3 January 2022 \| Judicial Body: Netherlands, The: Council of State (Raad van State) \| Document type: Case Law \| Topic(s): Article 1D - Palestinian - Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures - Statelessness - UNRWA \| Countries: Iraq - Netherlands
Supreme Administrative Court decision of 31 December 2021 - KHO:2021:195 31 December 2021 \| Judicial Body: Finland: Supreme Administrative Court \| Document type: Case Law \| Topic(s): Christian - Refugees sur place - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) \| Countries: Finland - Iraq
XY v Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl Case C-18/20 preliminary ruling on interpretation of article 40 Directive 2013/32/EU on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection 9 September 2021 \| Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union \| Document type: Case Law \| Topic(s): Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures \| Countries: Austria - Iraq

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