Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights
The Court, based in Strasbourg, was set up as a result of the European Convention on Human Rights, created in 1950. This set out a catalogue of civil and political rights and freedoms. It allows people to lodge complaints against States which have signed up to the Convention for alleged violations of those rights. Although founded in 1950, the Court did not actually come into existence until 1959. It gained its present form as a single European Court of Human Rights when Protocol No. 11 to the ECHR took effect in 1998.
The Court is currently made up of 47 judges, one in principle for every State signed up to the Convention. They are elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and serve for six years. Judges sit on the Court as individuals and do not represent their country. Website: www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home
The Court is currently made up of 47 judges, one in principle for every State signed up to the Convention. They are elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and serve for six years. Judges sit on the Court as individuals and do not represent their country. Website: www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home
- Administrative courts 1
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- Arbitrary arrest and detention 8
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- Burden of proof 2
- Citizenship / Nationality law 2
- Climate change (including environmental migrants) 2
- Combatants / Former combatants 1
- Complementary forms of protection 1
- Contemporary forms of slavery 1
- Country of origin information (COI) 6
- Credibility assessment 1
- Crime prevention 2
- Criminal justice 17
- Death penalty 2
- Decision on admissibility 12
- Denial of nationality 1
- Denial of refugee status 1
- Deportation / Forcible return 22
- Diplomatic assurances 3
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 2
- Drug trafficking 2
- EU Qualification Directive 1
- Effective remedy 7
- Elections 1
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 3
- Exhaustion of domestic remedies 1
- Expulsion 7
- Extradition 7
- False documents 1
- Family reunification 5
- Forced labour 1
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 20
- Freedom of conscience 2
- Freedom of expression 2
- Freedom of movement 1
- Freedom of religion 3
- Freedom of speech 1
- HIV and AIDS 4
- Human rights activists 1
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 3
- Illegal entry 1
- Immigration Detention 7
- Independence of judiciary 1
- Internal armed conflict 1
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 2
- International armed conflict 2
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 1
- International protection 1
- Jurisdiction 1
- Legal representation / Legal aid 2
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 8
- Mental health 2
- Mentally disadvantaged persons 1
- Military courts 1
- Multiple nationality 1
- National security / Public order 2
- Nepalis 1
- Non-refoulement 4
- Persecution based on political opinion 4
- Persecution of family members 2
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 1
- Persons with disabilities 1
- Political asylum 1
- Political parties 1
- Pre-trial detention 4
- Prevention of discrimination 1
- Prison or detention conditions 3
- Proof of nationality 1
- Public health 3
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 1
- Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 1
- Refoulement 1
- Refugee / Asylum law 2
- Refugee camps 1
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 1
- Regional instruments 4
- Rejected asylum-seekers 5
- Religious discrimination 2
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 1
- Residence permits / Residency 2
- Returnees 1
- Right to a nationality 1
- Right to family life 30
- Right to justice 8
- Right to liberty and security 9
- Right to life 5
- Roma 1
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 2
- Safe third country 2
- Security forces 1
- Security situation 2
- Sexual and reproductive rights 2
- Single procedure 1
- Social group discrimination 2
- Standard of proof 1
- Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 1
- Tamil 2
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- Terrorism 7
- Torture 1
- Trafficking in persons 2
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 1
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 1
- Visas 2
- Voluntary repatriation 1
- Well-founded fear of persecution 1
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