Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights
The Court, based in Strasbourg, was set up as a result of the European Convention on Human Rights, created in 1950. This set out a catalogue of civil and political rights and freedoms. It allows people to lodge complaints against States which have signed up to the Convention for alleged violations of those rights. Although founded in 1950, the Court did not actually come into existence until 1959. It gained its present form as a single European Court of Human Rights when Protocol No. 11 to the ECHR took effect in 1998.
The Court is currently made up of 47 judges, one in principle for every State signed up to the Convention. They are elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and serve for six years. Judges sit on the Court as individuals and do not represent their country. Website: www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home
The Court is currently made up of 47 judges, one in principle for every State signed up to the Convention. They are elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and serve for six years. Judges sit on the Court as individuals and do not represent their country. Website: www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 5
- Armed forces / Military 2
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2
- Asylum-seekers 2
- Azeri 1
- Belarusians 2
- Burden of proof 1
- Chechen 1
- Christian 8
- Civil and political rights 2
- Complementary forms of protection 1
- Country of origin information (COI) 9
- Credibility assessment 4
- Criminal justice 7
- Decision on admissibility 7
- Deportation / Forcible return 22
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 1
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 2
- Expulsion 7
- Extradition 1
- Extrajudicial executions 1
- Family law 1
- Family reunification 2
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) 1
- Forced marriage 4
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 28
- HIV and AIDS 2
- Honour killings 3
- Human rights activists 1
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 1
- Illegitimate children 1
- Immigration Detention 2
- Immigration law 1
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 12
- Kurd 1
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 4
- Mental health 6
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 3
- Muslim 2
- National security / Public order 1
- Non-state agents of persecution 1
- Persecution based on political opinion 15
- Persecution of family members 2
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 3
- Persons with disabilities 1
- Physical harm 1
- Political parties 2
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2
- Prison or detention conditions 1
- Prosecution vs persecution 1
- Public health 2
- Refoulement 1
- Refugees 2
- Regional instruments 4
- Religious discrimination 1
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 4
- Residence permits / Residency 2
- Right to family life 6
- Right to health 1
- Right to justice 2
- Right to liberty and security 2
- Right to life 7
- Rights of non-citizens 1
- Roma 1
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 1
- Sabean Mandean 2
- Security situation 4
- Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) 3
- Sharia law 1
- Social group discrimination 1
- State protection 3
- Statelessness 2
- Sunni 2
- Sur place persecution 1
- Terrorism 1
- Threats / Intimidation 3
- Torture 1
- Tutsis 1
- Uighur 1
- Unlawful departure 2
- Visas 2
- Well-founded fear of persecution 1
- Women's rights 1
- Women-at-risk 1
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