AFFAIRE M.K. ET AUTRES c. FRANCE
(Requêtes nos 34349/18, 34638/18 et 35047/18)
The ECtHR considered it more appropriate to examine the complaints concerning the failure of France to comply with the interim relief orders of the Administrative Court ordering that the applicants must be taken into emergency accommodation and the absence of an effective emergency procedure for the enforcement of an interim relief order solely under Article 6 ECHR (§§ 91, 92). The ECtHR considered that the decision to grant or refuse emergency accommodation constituted a civil right and thus held that Article 6 § 1 ECtHR was applicable. The case concerned asylum-seekers who were without accommodation at the time of the events, and in whose favour the urgent-applications judge of the administrative court ordered the State to provide them with emergency accommodation. 30 December 2022 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Decision on admissibility - Effective remedy - Exhaustion of domestic remedies - Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness | Countries: Congo, Democratic Republic of the - France - Georgia |
M.K. and Others v. France (Applications no. 34349/18, 34638/18, and 35047/18)
Holding: France’s failure to enforce orders by the urgent-applications judge of the Administrative Court for the provision of emergency accommodation to a number of homeless and particularly vulnerable asylum-seekers was in violation of Article 6 § 1 ECtHR. 8 December 2022 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Reception | Countries: France |
R. v. France (Application no. 49857/20)
140. La Cour constate qu’en l’espèce le requérant a conservé, en dépit de la révocation de son statut sur le fondement de l’article L. 711-6 du CESEDA, la qualité de réfugié. Ainsi qu’il ressort de la jurisprudence de la Cour, confirmée par le Conseil d’Etat (paragraphe 39 ci-dessus), le fait que l’intéressé a la qualité de réfugié est un élément qui doit être particulièrement pris en compte par les autorités internes lorsqu’elles examinent la réalité du risque que celui-ci allègue subir en cas d’expulsion (K.I. c. France, précité, § 144 et Bivolaru et Moldovan c. France, nos 40324/16 et 12623/17, § 141, 25 mars 2021). 141. En premier lieu, la décision préfectorale fixant la Russie comme pays de destination, prise sur le fondement de l’arrêté d’expulsion, mentionne qu’il a été mis fin au statut de réfugié du requérant et qu’il n’a apporté aucune justification ni aucune précision sur les dangers invoqués en cas de retour dans son pays d’origine. En revanche, l’arrêté ne fait aucune mention expresse du fait que l’intéressé a conservé la qualité de réfugié. 142. En second lieu, le tribunal administratif a rejeté, la veille de son éloignement effectif, le référé suspension introduit par le requérant sans indiquer expressément les motifs ayant fondé son appréciation (paragraphe 26 ci-dessus). Le seul constat d’un défaut de doute sérieux sur la légalité de l’arrêté fixant le pays de destination ne permet pas à la Cour au regard, en particulier, de la motivation de cet arrêté relevée plus haut, de vérifier que le tribunal a bien pris en compte, d’une part, la qualité de réfugié du requérant, quand bien même le maintien de cette qualité pouvait in fine ne pas apparaître déterminant, et, d’autre part, les craintes engendrées par le fait qu’il pourrait être identifié comme appartenant à une catégorie ciblée en raison de ses activités en lien avec le terrorisme islamiste. La Cour estime donc qu’elle n’est pas en mesure de contrôler qu’il a été procédé en temps utile à l’analyse des risques attendue au regard de l’article 3 de la Convention, laquelle implique un examen, au besoin d’office, des risques connus ou pouvant être connus à la date de l’expulsion (paragraphe 124 ci-dessus). 143. La Cour remarque que par deux décisions du mois de février 2021, le tribunal administratif rejeta les recours en annulation du requérant introduits contre l’arrêté d’expulsion et la décision fixant la Russie comme pays de destination (paragraphe 30 ci-dessus). Concernant les moyens soulevés par M. R sur le fondement des articles 2 et 3 de la Convention, le tribunal considéra que « dans les circonstances de l’espèce, au vu des éléments produits, le requérant n’est pas fondé à soutenir que la décision attaquée a été prise en méconnaissance des stipulations des articles 2 et 3 de la convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales ». Ainsi que cela ressort du raisonnement du tribunal administratif, cette conclusion était fondée sur une évaluation approfondie de la situation de M. R. Cet examen ayant été effectué après l’expulsion du requérant vers la Russie, l’appréciation portée par le tribunal administratif en février 2021 ne saurait remédier aux insuffisances de l’analyse des risques que la Cour a déjà décrites (paragraphes 140 à 142 ci-dessus). 144. Eu égard aux considérations qui précèdent, la Cour estime qu’il y a eu violation de l’article 3 de la Convention. 30 August 2022 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Terrorism | Countries: France - Russian Federation |
W v. France (Application no. 1348/21)
Le requérant considère qu’un éloignement vers la Fédération de Russie l’exposerait à des traitements contraires à l’article 2 § 1 de la Convention. 86. Il considère également que l’exécution de l’arrêté d’expulsion entraînerait une violation de l’article 8 de la Convention. 87. Enfin, le requérant se plaint de ne pas avoir bénéficié en droit français d’un recours effectif pour faire valoir ses griefs tirés des articles 2, 3 et 8 au mépris de l’article 13 de la Convention. 88. Eu égard aux faits de l’espèce, aux arguments des parties et à la conclusion à laquelle la Cour est parvenue sur le terrain de l’article 3 de la Convention, elle estime avoir examiné la principale question juridique soulevée par la requête. La Cour en conclut qu’il n’y a pas lieu de statuer séparément sur les autres griefs (Centre de ressources juridiques au nom de Valentin Câmpeanu c. Roumanie [GC], no 47848/08, § 156, CEDH 2014). 30 August 2022 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Deportation / Forcible return | Countries: France - Russian Federation |
Bivolaru and Moldovan v. France (applications nos. 40324/16 and 12623/17)
From the press release (attached): The Court held that the presumption of equivalent protection applied in Mr Moldovan’s case in so far as the two conditions for its application, namely the absence of any margin of manoeuvre on the part of the national authorities and the deployment of the full potential of the supervisory mechanism provided for by European Union (EU) law, were met. The Court therefore confined itself to ascertaining whether or not the protection of the rights guaranteed by the Convention had been manifestly deficient in the present case, such that this presumption was rebutted. To that end it sought to determine whether there had been a sufficiently solid factual basis requiring the executing judicial authority to find that execution of the EAW would entail a real and individual risk to the applicant of being subjected to treatment contrary to Article 3 on account of his conditions of detention in Romania. In Mr. Bivolaru's case: The Court considered that the executing judicial authority, following a full and in-depth examination of the applicant’s individual situation which demonstrated that it had taken account of his refugee status, had not had a sufficiently solid factual basis to establish the existence of a real risk of a breach of Article 3 of the Convention and to refuse execution of the EAW on that ground. The Court also considered that the description of conditions of detention in Romanian prisons provided by the applicant to the executing judicial authority in support of his request not to execute the EAW had not been sufficiently detailed or substantiated to constitute prima facie evidence of a real risk of treatment contrary to Article 3 in the event of his surrender to the Romanian authorities. In the Court’s view, the executing judicial authority had not been obliged to request additional information from the Romanian authorities. Accordingly, it held that there had not been a solid factual basis for the executing judicial authority to establish the existence of a real risk of a breach of Article 3 of the Convention and to refuse execution of the EAW on those grounds. 25 March 2021 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment | Countries: France - Romania |
AFFAIRE N.H. ET AUTRES c. FRANCE
(Requête no 28820/13 et 2 autres)
The French authorities had failed in their duties under domestic law. They were found responsible for the conditions in which the applicants had been living for several months: sleeping rough, without access to sanitary facilities, having no means of subsistence and constantly in fear of being attacked or robbed. The applicants had thus been victims of degrading treatment, showing a lack of respect for their dignity. The Court found that such living conditions, combined with the lack of an appropriate response from the French authorities and the fact that the domestic courts had systematically objected that the competent bodies lacked resources in the light of their status as single young men, had exceeded the threshold of severity for the purposes of Article 3 of the Convention. The three applicants N.H., K.T. and A.J. had thus found themselves, through the fault of the French authorities, in a situation that was incompatible with Article 3 of the Convention. 2 July 2020 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Reception - Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures | Countries: Afghanistan - France - Georgia - Iran, Islamic Republic of - Russian Federation |
AFFAIRE A.M. c. FRANCE (Requête no 12148/18)
Effective domestic remedy: Effectiveness of a suspensive remedy, in respect of an asylum request submitted after the application had been lodged with the Court: admissible As to the merits, the Court went on to find, unanimously, that there would be no violation of Article 3 if the decision to deport the applicant to Algeria were implemented. 29 April 2019 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Exhaustion of domestic remedies - Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures | Countries: Algeria - France |
Khan c. France (application no. 12267/16)
violation of article 3 (prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment). 28 February 2019 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Refugee camps - Unaccompanied / Separated children | Countries: Afghanistan - France - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
AFFAIRE M.A. c. FRANCE (Requête no 9373/15)
- the expulsion of the applicant, whose conviction for terrorist offences had been known to the Algerian authorities, had exposed him to a real and serious risk of treatment contrary to Article 3. - French authorities deliberately created a situation whereby the applicant would have great difficulty in submitting a request for an interim measure to the Court, and had lowered the level of protection under Article 3 of the Convention. - acutely aware of the extent of the danger posed to the community by terrorism and that it was legitimate for Contracting States to take a very firm stand against those who contributed to terrorist acts. 1 February 2018 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Expulsion - Terrorism - Torture | Countries: Algeria - France |
Accompanied migrant minors in detention
January 2018 | Publisher: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law Compilations/Analyses |