Afghanistan: Information on the Sboleth Javeed, a leftist anti-communist group, and the treatment of its members by the authorities
| Publisher | Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada |
| Author | Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada |
| Publication Date | 1 July 1993 |
| Citation / Document Symbol | AFG14716 |
| Cite as | Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Afghanistan: Information on the Sboleth Javeed, a leftist anti-communist group, and the treatment of its members by the authorities, 1 July 1993, AFG14716, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab4138.html [accessed 28 May 2023] |
| Disclaimer | This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. |
Information on an organization with the name of Sboleth Javeed is currently unavailable to the DIRB; however, there was a leftist organization called Shu'la-ye Jawed (Eternal Flame), which was popular among students and intellectuals in the 1960s (Delury 1987, 5). It was a splinter group from the Khalq faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) (Ibid., 2, 5). The Khalq faction advocated class struggle and rejected any cooperation with other political parties (Ibid.,2).
Shu'la-ye Jawed was succeeded by Sazman-e Azadibukhsh-e Mardom-e Afghanistan (Afghan People's Liberation Organization; SAMA) (Ibid., 5). SAMA encouraged resistance by organizing cells among professional and well-educated circles in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. These cells were destroyed in 1982 by the Soviets and the national security police (Ibid.). The same source mentions that survivors and sympathizers of SAMA became refugees in Pakistan and India. The source also mentions that SAMA and its predecessor Shu'la-ye Jawed were leftist organizations, but it does not indicate that they were anti-communist.
None of the sources consulted directly mentioned how SAMA or Shu'la-ye Jawed members were treated by the authorities. Country Reports 1992 states that the lack of an effective central authority significantly affected human rights in Afghanistan in 1992 (1993, 1115). Human rights were also violated as a result of factional violence and the absence of known legal protection under these circumstances (Ibid., 1116).
Additional and/or corroborative information on the requested subject could not be found among the sources currently available to the DIRB in Ottawa.
References
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1992. 1993. U.S. Department of State. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Degenhardt, Henry W., ed. 1991. Revolutionary and Dissident Movements: An International Guide. Burnt Mill, Essex: Longman Group UK Ltd.
Delury, George E., ed. 1987. World Encyclopedia of Political Systems and Parties. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. New York: Facts on File Publications.
Attachments
Degenhardt, Henry W., ed. 1991. Revolutionary and Dissident Movements: An International Guide. Burnt Mill, Essex: Longman Group UK Ltd.
Delury, George E., ed. 1987. World Encyclopedia of Political Systems and Parties. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. New York: Facts on File Publications.
