Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights
The Court, based in Strasbourg, was set up as a result of the European Convention on Human Rights, created in 1950. This set out a catalogue of civil and political rights and freedoms. It allows people to lodge complaints against States which have signed up to the Convention for alleged violations of those rights. Although founded in 1950, the Court did not actually come into existence until 1959. It gained its present form as a single European Court of Human Rights when Protocol No. 11 to the ECHR took effect in 1998.
The Court is currently made up of 47 judges, one in principle for every State signed up to the Convention. They are elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and serve for six years. Judges sit on the Court as individuals and do not represent their country. Website: www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home
The Court is currently made up of 47 judges, one in principle for every State signed up to the Convention. They are elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and serve for six years. Judges sit on the Court as individuals and do not represent their country. Website: www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=home
- Abduction 19
- Access to procedures 3
- Airports 1
- Appeal / Right to appeal 1
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 25
- Armed forces / Military 5
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 14
- Asylum policy 2
- Asylum-seekers 1
- Azeri 1
- Chechen 42
- Children's rights 2
- Children-at-risk 3
- Chinese 1
- Civil and political rights 1
- Civil war 1
- Communal conflict / Social conflict 1
- Complementary forms of protection 1
- Conflict situation 1
- Contemporary forms of slavery 1
- Country of origin information (COI) 3
- Criminal justice 13
- Death penalty 2
- Decision on admissibility 5
- Deportation / Forcible return 24
- Diplomatic assurances 2
- Disappeared persons 26
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 2
- Effective remedy 48
- Elections 1
- Entry / Exit 1
- Eritreans 1
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 3
- Exhaustion of domestic remedies 9
- Expulsion 27
- Extradition 47
- Extrajudicial executions 7
- Falun Gong 1
- Forced labour 1
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 107
- Freedom of assembly and association 4
- Freedom of conscience 2
- Freedom of expression 2
- Freedom of movement 3
- Freedom of religion 5
- Generalized violence 1
- HIV and AIDS 6
- Habeas corpus 4
- Habitual residence 1
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 8
- Human rights activists 2
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 2
- Human rights courts 1
- Human rights law 1
- Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay) 1
- Illegal entry 1
- Immigration Detention 36
- Independence of judiciary 1
- Ingush 2
- Internal armed conflict 2
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 2
- International protection 1
- Jehovah's Witness 2
- Legal representation / Legal aid 1
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 2
- Mandate status 1
- Mental health 3
- Mercenaries 1
- Migrants 1
- Military operations 2
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 1
- Minorities 1
- Minority rights 1
- Multiple nationality 1
- Muslim 2
- National security / Public order 1
- Naturalization 1
- Non-refoulement 8
- Non-self-governing territories 1
- Opposition 2
- Passports 3
- Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 1
- Persecution based on political opinion 5
- Persecution of family members 1
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 1
- Persons with disabilities 2
- Physical harm 2
- Police 3
- Political groups 1
- Political situation 1
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2
- Pre-trial detention 3
- Prison or detention conditions 21
- Proof of nationality 1
- Property restitution 1
- Prosecution vs persecution 5
- Public health 3
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 1
- Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 1
- Reception 1
- Refoulement 1
- Refugee / Asylum law 2
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 3
- Refugees 3
- Regional instruments 8
- Registration 7
- Rejected asylum-seekers 5
- Rejection at border 4
- Religious discrimination 3
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 6
- Residence permits / Residency 7
- Right to family life 18
- Right to justice 1
- Right to liberty and security 59
- Right to life 45
- Rights of non-citizens 4
- Roma 1
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 9
- Safe country of origin 1
- Safe third country 1
- Security forces 3
- Security situation 1
- Sexual and reproductive rights 1
- Single procedure 1
- Social group discrimination 2
- State protection 1
- Statelessness 11
- Suspensive effect 4
- Terrorism 7
- Torture 2
- Trafficking in persons 1
- Transit 1
- Turkmen 1
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 1
- Uzbek 11
- Withdrawal of nationality 2
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