European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union
To ensure that the law is enforced, understood and uniformly applied in all Member States, a judicial institution is essential.
That institution is the Court of Justice of the European Communities. It is composed of three courts: the Court of Justice (created in 1952), the Court of First Instance (created in 1988) and the Civil Service Tribunal (created in 2004).
The Court of Justice of the European Communities, together with the national courts, thus constitutes the European Communitys judiciary. The Courts main task is to interpret Community law uniformly and to rule on its validity. It answers questions referred to it by the national courts, which play a vital role, as they apply Community law at local level.
The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities together with the treaties, regulations, directives and decisions make up Community law. Website: curia.europa.eu/en/
- Case Law 36
- Country Reports 1
- Access to procedures 5
- Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations 1
- Acts of persecution 2
- Ahmadis 2
- Anti-terrorism law 1
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2
- Article 1D 1
- Asylum policy 3
- Asylum-seekers 3
- Cessation clauses 1
- Changes of circumstances in home country 1
- Citizenship / Nationality law 1
- Complementary forms of protection 3
- Criminal justice 2
- Decision on admissibility 2
- Deportation / Forcible return 5
- EU Qualification Directive 5
- Effective protection 1
- Emergency legislation 1
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 1
- Exclusion clauses 2
- Expulsion 2
- False documents 1
- Family reunification 1
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 1
- Freedom of movement 1
- Freedom of religion 2
- Generalized violence 1
- Illegal entry 1
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 4
- Immigration Detention 3
- International criminal law 1
- International protection 2
- Jurisdiction 1
- Kurd 1
- Laws relating to religion 1
- Legal representation / Legal aid 1
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 4
- Minorities 2
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- Non-refoulement 1
- Palestinian 2
- Persecution based on political opinion 1
- Prison or detention conditions 5
- Reception 1
- Refoulement 1
- Refugee / Asylum law 2
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 5
- Refugees 1
- Regional instruments 4
- Religious discrimination 2
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 2
- Residence permits / Residency 2
- Right to justice 1
- Right to liberty and security 1
- Right to seek asylum 1
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 2
- Safe country of origin 1
- Safe third country 2
- Secondary movement 1
- Serious non-political crime 1
- Statelessness 2
- Terrorism 3
- Trafficking in persons 1
- UNRWA 1
- Visas 1
- War crimes 2
- Withdrawal of nationality 1
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