Title	Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of M.J. v. the Netherlands (application no. 49259/18) before the European Court of Human Rights
Publisher	UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Publication Date	6 December 2019
Country	Afghanistan | Netherlands
Topics	Human rights law | Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) | Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures | Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness | Security situation
Related Document(s)	Case of M.J. v. The Netherlands (Application no. 49259/18)
Cite as	UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of M.J. v. the Netherlands (application no. 49259/18) before the European Court of Human Rights , 6 December 2019, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5dea96304.html [accessed 19 May 2023]
Comments	In this submission, UNHCR addresses the legislative framework and practice in the Netherlands regarding the application of the internal flight alternative (IFA); also referred to as the internal protection alternative (IPA) in European law) in the asylum procedure (Part 2); provides UNHCR’s interpretation of the relevant principles of international refugee and human rights law pertaining specifically to the application of the IFA concept (Part 3); and provides information about the current security, human rights and humanitarian situation in Kabul and in Afghanistan more broadly (Part 4).