Court Interventions / Amicus Curiae
Interventions before courts by UNHCR and other organizations are an important tool through which protection standards can be developed and a consistent application of refugee law fostered. Interventions before courts may take different forms, depending on the national or supranational context, including formal amicus curiae briefs, advisory opinions or letters to the court or parties involved, as well as public statements. Interventions by UNHCR are carried out in the exercise of its supervisory function.
Refworld is the repository of all interventions made by UNHCR in judicial proceedings before national and regional courts. They are organised in reverse-chronological order and, where available, are linked to the court decision in the case(s) at hand once adopted.
Refworld is the repository of all interventions made by UNHCR in judicial proceedings before national and regional courts. They are organised in reverse-chronological order and, where available, are linked to the court decision in the case(s) at hand once adopted.
- Americas - Miscellaneous 1
- Amnesty International 4
- Center for Gender & Refugee Studies 15
- Council of Europe: Commissioner for Human Rights 5
- Equal Rights Trust 1
- European Council on Refugees and Exiles 1
- European Network on Statelessness 1
- Human Rights Watch 4
- International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) 7
- Liberty 8
- National Legislative Bodies / National Authorities 1
- REDRESS 1
- UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) 2
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 251
- UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) 2
- UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) 1
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU University Amsterdam) 1
- Afghanistan 27
- Albania 3
- Algeria 5
- Angola 1
- Argentina 1
- Armenia 5
- Australia 2
- Austria 4
- Bangladesh 1
- Belarus 2
- Belgium 8
- Bhutan 1
- Bolivia 1
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 2
- Bulgaria 1
- Cameroon 3
- Canada 10
- China 2
- Colombia 1
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1
- Congo, Republic of the 1
- Côte d'Ivoire 5
- Croatia 1
- Czech Republic 2
- Denmark 5
- Dominican Republic 1
- Ecuador 2
- Egypt 2
- El Salvador 12
- Eritrea 10
- Ethiopia 2
- France 7
- Gambia 2
- Georgia 1
- Germany 8
- Greece 23
- Guatemala 9
- Guinea 2
- Haiti 2
- Honduras 5
- Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) 1
- Hungary 13
- Indonesia 1
- Iran, Islamic Republic of 13
- Iraq 15
- Ireland 6
- Israel 1
- Italy 7
- Jamaica 1
- Japan 4
- Jordan 2
- Kazakhstan 1
- Kenya 2
- Korea, Republic of 6
- Kuwait 1
- Lebanon 4
- Libya 6
- Lithuania 1
- Luxembourg 1
- Mali 5
- Malta 1
- Mauritania 1
- Mexico 4
- Moldova, Republic of 1
- Montenegro 1
- Morocco 3
- Myanmar 4
- Nepal 1
- Netherlands 18
- Nicaragua 1
- North Macedonia 3
- Norway 7
- Pakistan 3
- Palestine, State of 7
- Poland 3
- Romania 1
- Russian Federation 5
- Senegal 2
- Serbia 6
- Sierra Leone 5
- Slovakia 1
- Slovenia 1
- Somalia 22
- South Africa 3
- South Sudan 2
- Spain 7
- Sri Lanka 3
- Sudan 6
- Sweden 8
- Switzerland 1
- Syrian Arab Republic 8
- Tunisia 1
- Türkiye 3
- Uganda 4
- Ukraine 2
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 59
- United States of America 73
- Uzbekistan 1
- Venezuela 1
- Yemen 1
- Zimbabwe 1
- 1951 Refugee Convention 5
- 1984 Cartagena Declaration 1
- Access to procedures 33
- Acts of persecution 2
- Administrative courts 1
- Agents of persecution 1
- Ahmadis 3
- Airports 2
- Appeal / Right to appeal 6
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 6
- Armed forces / Military 2
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2
- Article 1D 3
- Article 1D 1
- Article 31 1
- Asylum policy 10
- Asylum-migration nexus 2
- Asylum-seekers 31
- Atheist / Agnostic 1
- Border controls 2
- Burden of proof 9
- Burden-sharing and international co-operation 2
- Cancellation 2
- Cessation clauses 11
- Changes of circumstances in home country 1
- Child soldiers 3
- Children's rights 23
- Children-at-risk 10
- Citizenship / Nationality law 1
- Combatants / Former combatants 2
- Complementary forms of protection 7
- Confidentiality 1
- Conflict resolution 1
- Conflict situation 2
- Constitutional law 1
- Convention against Torture (CAT) 1
- Country of origin information (COI) 5
- Credibility assessment 3
- Crime prevention 1
- Criminal justice 6
- Customary law 1
- Darfuri 1
- Death penalty 2
- Decision on admissibility 1
- Demobilization / Disarmament 1
- Denial of refugee status 1
- Deportation / Forcible return 13
- Diplomatic assurances 2
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 2
- Domestic violence 13
- EU Qualification Directive 19
- Economic, social and cultural rights 2
- Effective protection 8
- Effective remedy 16
- Entry / Exit 2
- Evangelical 2
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 6
- Exclusion clauses 21
- Expedited procedures 6
- Expulsion 11
- Extended definition 1
- Extradition 1
- False documents 1
- Family reunification 6
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) 4
- Forced labour 1
- Forced marriage 3
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 12
- Freedom of conscience 3
- Freedom of expression 2
- Freedom of information 1
- Freedom of movement 4
- Freedom of religion 5
- Freedom of speech 2
- Fulani 1
- Gang related violence 8
- Gender discrimination 4
- Gender-based persecution 20
- Generalized violence 1
- Habitual residence 5
- Harmful traditional practices 2
- Honour killings 1
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 2
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 9
- Human rights courts 1
- Human rights law 7
- Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay) 2
- Illegal entry 13
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 1
- Immigrants 4
- Immigration Detention 36
- Impunity 1
- Independence of judiciary 1
- Indigenous persons 1
- Internal armed conflict 6
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 21
- Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 3
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1
- International armed conflict 1
- International criminal law 1
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 4
- International protection 6
- Jehovah's Witness 2
- Jurisdiction 2
- Laws relating to religion 2
- Legal representation / Legal aid 4
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 12
- Mandate status 2
- Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 1
- Mental harm 1
- Mental health 2
- Mentally disadvantaged persons 2
- Migrant rights 1
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 8
- National security / Public order 4
- Non-refoulement 66
- Non-state agents of persecution 18
- One-child policy / Family planning 1
- Palestinian 8
- Passports 1
- Persecution based on political opinion 17
- Persecution of family members 5
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 12
- Persons not in need of international protection 2
- Persons of concern to UNHCR 1
- Persons with disabilities 2
- Political groups 1
- Political situation 2
- Polygamy 1
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1
- Pre-entry procedures 1
- Pre-trial detention 3
- Prison or detention conditions 6
- Prosecution vs persecution 2
- Prostitution / Commercial sex work 1
- Public health 2
- Reception 24
- Reconciliation 1
- Refoulement 23
- Refugee / Asylum law 9
- Refugee camps 1
- Refugee seamen 1
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 16
- Refugee travel documents / CTDs 2
- Refugees 23
- Refugees sur place 3
- Regional instruments 10
- Reintegration 1
- Rejected asylum-seekers 2
- Rejection at border 8
- Religious discrimination 1
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 9
- Rescue at sea / Interception at sea 5
- Residence permits / Residency 4
- Return conditions 1
- Returnees 1
- Right to a nationality 1
- Right to education 1
- Right to employment 1
- Right to family life 9
- Right to health 1
- Right to liberty and security 9
- Right to life 2
- Right to seek asylum 13
- Rights of non-citizens 1
- Roma 2
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 30
- Safe country of origin 1
- Safe third country 20
- Secondary movement 1
- Security situation 4
- Serious non-political crime 5
- Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) 10
- Sikh 1
- Single procedure 11
- Smuggling of persons 1
- Social group discrimination 3
- Social group persecution 40
- Somalis 1
- Standard of proof 4
- State protection 13
- Statelessness 9
- Statelessness Determination Procedures 4
- Sur place persecution 1
- Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 2
- Suspensive effect 1
- Temporary admission 1
- Temporary protection 1
- Terrorism 8
- Torture 2
- Trafficking in persons 4
- Transit 3
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 1
- UNHCR mandate 7
- UNRWA 3
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 13
- Urban refugees 1
- Visas 3
- Voluntary repatriation 2
- War crimes 1
- Well-founded fear of persecution 10
- Withdrawal of nationality 1
- Women's rights 1
- Women-at-risk 7
- Work permits 1
- 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 9
- 1951 Refugee Convention 8
- 1954 Statelessness Convention 1
- 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1
- 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 2
- 1969 American Convention on Human Rights 1
- 2003 Reception Conditions Directive (EU) 1
- 2004 Qualification Directive (EU) 2
- 2011 Recast Qualification Directive (EU) 3
- 2013 Dublin III Regulation (EU) 1
- 2013 Recast Reception Conditions Directive (EU) 1
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