Case Law

On those grounds, the Court (Third Chamber) hereby rules: 1. Article 15(c) of Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted, must be interpreted as precluding the interpretation of national legislation according to which, where a civilian is not specifically targeted by reason of factors particular to his or her personal circumstances, a finding of serious and individual threat to that civilian’s life or person by reason of ‘indiscriminate violence in situations of … armed conflict’, within the meaning of that provision, is subject to the condition that the ratio between the number of casualties in the relevant area and the total number of individuals composing the population of that area reach a fixed threshold. 2. Article 15(c) of Directive 2011/95 must be interpreted as meaning that, in order to determine whether there is a ‘serious and individual threat’, within the meaning of that provision, a comprehensive appraisal of all the circumstances of the individual case, in particular those which characterise the situation of the applicant’s country of origin, is required.

10 June 2021 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Topic(s): Generalized violence - International protection | Countries: Afghanistan - Germany

situation in region and Kabul is likely to be qualified as situation of indiscriminate violence resulting from an internal armed conflict in light of subsidiary protection. In these conditions, the prefect had erred in applying the law by deciding that, instead of authorising to register the application in France, the applicant be transferred to Finland where this country had already rejected the asylum application, expelled and issue an entry ban against the applicant.

13 March 2018 | Judicial Body: France: Cour administrative | Legal Instrument: 1951 Refugee Convention | Topic(s): Generalized violence - Internal armed conflict - Refoulement | Countries: Afghanistan - Finland - France

Pues bien, considerando todas las circunstancias anteriores, concluimos que la menor solicitante de protección internacional, se encuentra en situación de necesidad de dicha protección, en la forma de protección del artículo 3 de la Ley 12/2009 , pues nos consta que, dada la situación que actualmente vive Honduras y su situación personal, el menor se encuentra en peligro de riesgo grave para su vida e integridad física proveniente de la persecución a que la Mara Salvatrucha somete a su familia. Esta persecución se produce particularmente sobre la persona del menor solicitante de asilo, por actos de desobediencia realizados por miembros de su familia, además del peligro genérico que implica encontrarse en el ámbito geográfico de actuación de una mara.

9 February 2018 | Judicial Body: Spain: Audiencia Nacional; Sala de lo Contencioso Administrativo | Topic(s): Children's rights - Gang related violence - Generalized violence - Non-state agents of persecution | Countries: Honduras - Spain

i) Is the Appellant at risk under Article 15(c) if returned to Libya? ii) If Article 15(c) does apply, can the Appellant relocate to, and reasonably be expected to stay in, another part of the country in which he would not face such a risk? (humanitarian protection) Replaces AT & others (Article 15(c); risk categories) Libya CG [2014] UKUT 00318 (IAC) in respect of the assessment of the art 15(c) risk

29 June 2017 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | Topic(s): Complementary forms of protection - Country of origin information (COI) - Generalized violence - Internal armed conflict | Countries: Libya - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

10 May 2016 | Judicial Body: Australia: Administrative Appeals Tribunal | Topic(s): 1951 Refugee Convention - Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity - Flight by land, air or sea - Freedom of religion - Generalized violence - Hazara - Religious discrimination - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) | Countries: Afghanistan - Australia

30 October 2015 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | Topic(s): Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements - Deportation / Forcible return - Generalized violence - Internal armed conflict - Security situation | Countries: Iraq - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland