UNHCR Protection Manual

A.1. Refugee law instruments TOC

A.2. UNHCR mandate and supervisory responsibility TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR public statement in relation to Zuheyr Freyeh Halaf v. the Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees pending before the Court of Justice of the European Union, August 2012, C-528/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5017fc202.html - concerning UNHCR's supervisory responsibility under international and EU law.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's mandate in relation to assistance to refugees and other people of concern, 3 June 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/557050fa4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on the Mandate of the High Commissioner for Refugees and his Office, October 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5268c9474.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's Role in Supervising International Protection Standards in the Context of its Mandate – Keynote Address by Volker Türk, 20 May 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4bfb8c962.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Summary Conclusions: Supervisory Responsibility, June 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/470a33c0d.html [Summary conclusions published as a book chapter in UNHCR (2003), see here]
• UN General Assembly, Statute of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 14 December 1950, A/RES/428(V), http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3628.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Key legal considerations on the standards of treatment of refugees recognized under the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, 19 December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a391d4f4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, I. A. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department: Case for the Intervener, 27 October 2013, UKSC2012/0157, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52a098e34.html – concerning UNHCR's mandate to determine a person's refugee status, the weight States should afford to UNHCR's refugee recognitions, and the cogent reasons for disregarding UNHCR's recognition.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, In the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Civil Appeals NOS. 18, 19 & 20 of 2011 between C, KMF, BF (Applicants) and Director of Immigration, Secretary for Security (Respondents) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Intervener) – Intervener's Case, 31 January 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/510a74ce2.html – concerning the principle of non-refoulement of refugees as a norm of customary international law and the duty of States to independently inquire whether a person is to be protected from refoulement.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Statement on the right to asylum, UNHCR's supervisory responsibility and the duty of States to cooperate with UNHCR in the exercise of its supervisory responsibility. Issued in the context of a reference for a preliminary ruling addressed to Court of Justice of the European Union by the Administrative Court of Sofia lodged on 18 October 2011 – Zuheyr Freyeh Halaf v. the Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, August 2012, C-528/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5017fc202.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, MM (Iran) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department – Written Submission on Behalf of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 3 August 2010, C5/2009/2479, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c6aa7db2.html – concerning UNHCR's mandate and the weight States should afford to UNHCR's refugee recognitions.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Agenda for Protection, October 2003, Third edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4714a1bf2.html [French]
• Walter Kälin, Supervising the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: Article 35 and Beyond, June 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/470a33c00.html [UNHCR-commissioned background paper, republished as a book chapter in UNHCR (2003), see here]
• Volker Türk UNHCR's supervisory responsibility, October 2002, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe405ef2.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Designing Protection Strategies and Measuring Progress: Checklist for UNHCR Staff, 26 July 2002, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3dede7c21.html
• UN General Assembly, Note on International Protection (submitted by the High Commissioner), 25 August 1992, A/AC.96/799, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68bfe18.html [French] [See in particular section B, "UNHCR's Mandate and Competence"]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Report of the Working Group on Solutions and Protection to the Forty-second Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, 12 August 1991, EC/SCP/64, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68ccb14.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on the Extraterritorial Effect of the Determination of Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 24 August 1978, EC/SCP/9, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cccc.html

A.3. Executive Committee Conclusions TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees,Conclusion of the Executive Committee on international cooperation from a protection and solutions perspective, 6 October 2016, No. 112 (LXVII) 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/57f7b5f74.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, A Thematic Compilation of Executive Committee Conclusions, June 2014, 7th edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5698c1224.html [French (5ème edition)]

A.4. General Assembly and Economic and Social Council Resolutions TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Thematic Compilation of General Assembly & Economic and Social Council Resolutions, June 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e9683242.html [French]

A.5. UNHCR and Humanitarian Reform TOC

• Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Background Document: Preserving Humanitarian Space, Protection and Security, 26 February 2008, WO/0803/2583/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48da506c2.html

B.1. Inclusion (article 1A(2)) TOC

B.2. Cessation (article 1C) TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Suspension of "General Cessation" Declarations in respect of particular persons or groups based on acquired rights to family unity, December 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4eef5a1b2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on Exemption Procedures in respect of Cessation Declarations, December 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4eef5c3a2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on International Protection No. 3: Cessation of Refugee Status under Article 1C(5) and (6) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (the "Ceased Circumstances" Clauses), 10 February 2003, HCR/GIP/03/03, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3e50de6b4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Cessation Clauses: Guidelines on Their Application, 26 April 1999, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c06138c4.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Implementation of the Comprehensive Strategy for the Angolan Refugee Situation, including UNHCR's recommendations on the applicability of the "ceased circumstances" cessation clauses, 15 January 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f3395972.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Implementation of the Comprehensive Strategy for the Liberian Refugee Situation, including UNHCR's recommendations on the applicability of the "ceased circumstances" cessation clauses, 13 January 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f3399002.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Implementation of the Comprehensive Strategy for the Rwandan Refugee Situation, including UNHCR's recommendations on the applicability of the "ceased circumstances" cessation clauses, 31 December 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f33a1642.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Statement on the "Ceased Circumstances" Clause of the EC Qualification Directive, August 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48a2f0782.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Cessation Clauses, 30 May 1997, EC/47/SC/CRP.30, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfaf1d.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Discussion Note on the Application of the "ceased circumstances" Cessation Clauses in the 1951 Convention, 20 December 1991, EC/SCP/1992/CRP.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68ccf10.html [French]

B.3. Article 1D – Palestinian refugees TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Guidelines on International Protection No. 13: Applicability of Article 1D of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugee to Palestinian Refugees, December 2017, HCR/GIP/16/12, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a1836804.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on UNHCR's Interpretation of Article 1D of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and Article 12(1)(a) of the EU Qualification Directive in the context of Palestinian refugees seeking international protection, May 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/518cb8c84.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Observations in the case C-364/11 El Kott and Others regarding the interpretation of Article 1D of the 1951 Convention and Article 12(1)(a) of the Qualification Directive, 27 October 2011, C-364/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4eaa95d92.html – concerning Article 1D, in particular the meaning of the terms "benefits of this Convention", "ipso facto", and "when such protection or assistance has ceased for any reason" (see also UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fbd1e112.html).
• United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), The United Nations and Palestinian Refugees, January 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48da0e692.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN General Assembly, Status of Palestine in the United Nations: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 4 December 2012, A/RES/67/19, http://www.refworld.org/docid/50c5e6152.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Update of UNHCR Aide-Memoire of 2006: Protection Considerations for Palestinian refugees in Iraq, July 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/500ebeea2.html
• UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Consolidated Eligibility and Registration Instructions (CERI), 1 January 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/520cc3634.html
• UN General Assembly, 302 (IV). Assistance to Palestine Refugees, 8 December 1949, A/RES/302, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe2ffa52.html
• UN General Assembly, 194 (III). Palestine – Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator, 11 December 1948, A/RES/194, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe2e5672.html

B.4. Exclusion TOC

B.5. Cancellation and revocation of refugee status TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on the Application in Mass Influx Situations of the Exclusion Clauses of Article 1F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 7 February 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43f48c0b4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on the Cancellation of Refugee Status, 22 November 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/41a5dfd94.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Sibylle Kapferer, Cancellation of Refugee Status, March 2003, PPLA/2003/02, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f4de8a74.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]

B.6. Regional Refugee Definitions and Complementary forms of protection TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Key legal considerations on the standards of treatment of refugees recognized under the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, 19 December 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a391d4f4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Safe at Last? Law and Practice in Selected EU Member States with Respect to Asylum-Seekers Fleeing Indiscriminate Violence, 27 July 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e2ee0022.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, MM (Iran) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department – Written Submission on Behalf of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 3 August 2010, C5/2009/2479, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c6aa7db2.html – concerning UNHCR's "extended" mandate.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, QD (Iraq) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department – Submissions by UNHCR, 31 May 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a6464e72.html – concerning the object and purpose of Subsidiary Protection Status under the EC Qualification Directive of 29 April 2004; the context and object of Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive; the meaning of "individual threat"; the meaning of "internal armed conflict"; the meaning of "indiscriminate violence"; the meaning of a real risk of a threat to life or person.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Statement on Subsidiary Protection Under the EC Qualification Directive for People Threatened by Indiscriminate Violence, January 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/479df7472.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Providing International Protection Including Through Complementary Forms of Protection, 2 June 2005, EC/55/SC/CRP.16, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfb49d.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Complementary Forms of Protection, 4 September 2001, EC/GC/01/18, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bfa84345.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Complementary Forms of Protection, April 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b20a7014.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Complementary Forms of Protection: Their Nature and Relationship to the International Refugee Protection Regime, 9 June 2000, EC/50/SC/CRP.18, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfb491a.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection of Persons of Concern to UNHCR Who Fall Outside the 1951 Convention: A Discussion Note, 2 April 1992, EC/1992/SCP/CRP.5, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cc518.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Michael Reed-Hurtado, The Cartagena Declaration on Refugees and the Protection of People Fleeing Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence in Latin America, June 2013, PPLA/2013/03, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51c801934.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Coping with Contemporary Conflicts: 'Conflict refugees' and the 1951 Convention protection regime, 23 April 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5178d7c44.html
• Marina Sharpe, The 1969 OAU Refugee Convention and the Protection of People fleeing Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence in the Context of Individual Refugee Status Determination, January 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/50fd3edb2.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Summary Conclusions on International Protection of Persons Fleeing Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence; Roundtable 13 and 14 September 2012, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 December 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/50d32e5e2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Expert Meeting on Complementarities between International Refugee Law, International Criminal Law and International Human Rights Law: Summary Conclusions, July 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e1729d52.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, "ProtectionGapsinEurope?Persons fleeing the indiscriminate effects of generalized violence", 18 January 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d37d8402.html
• Ruma Mandal, Protection Mechanisms Outside of the 1951 Convention ("Complementary Protection"), June 2005, PPLA/2005/02, http://www.refworld.org/docid/435e198d4.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• Jens Vedsted-Hansen, Complementary or subsidiary protection? Offering an appropriate status without undermining refugee protection, 5 February 2002, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ff550682.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Challenges to the 1951 Convention in its 50th Anniversary Year: Statement by Ms. Erika Feller, Director, Department of International Protection, UNHCR, at the Seminar on "International Protection within one single asylum procedure", Norrkoping, Sweden, 23-24 April 2001, 24 April 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/429d74282.html

B.7. Country-related guidance TOC

B.8. Procedures TOC

B.9. Effective remedies and access to courts TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Observations actualisées du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme dans l'affaire I. M. c. France, 31 March 2011, Requête no. 9152/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9995d02.html – concerning accelerated RSD procedures for persons in pre-removal detention at the airport; access to interpreters and obligation to submit the refugee application in French; short delay to submit a refugee application; non-suspensive effect of the appeal; absence of safeguards ensuring the effective respect of the principle of non-refoulement (see also earlier intervention here [internal only], and UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4dd2b7912.html).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Observations écrites du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme dans l'affaire I. M. c/ France, September 2009, Requête no. 9152/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4abb61992.html – concerning accelerated RSD procedures for persons in pre-removal detention at the airport; access to interpreters and obligation to submit the refugee application in French; short delay to submit a refugee application; non-suspensive effect of the appeal; absence of safeguards ensuring the effective respect of the principle of non-refoulement (see also updated observations here [internal only], and UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4dd2b7912.html).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Asylum Processes (Fair and Efficient Asylum Procedures), 31 May 2001, EC/GC/01/12, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b36f2fca.html

B.10. Reception TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Comments on the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection (recast) – COM (2016) 465, August 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/59a6d6094.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Annotated Comments to Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection (recast), April 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5541d4f24.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of Defence for Children International (DCI) v. Belgium, 13 July 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/500419f32.html – concerning adequate reception conditions and the social rights of asylum-seeking and refugee children.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Comments on the European Commission's amended recast proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council laying down standards for the reception of asylum-seekers, July 2012, (COM (2011) 320 final, 1 June 2011), http://www.refworld.org/docid/500560852.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Submissions to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the framework of request for an Advisory Opinion on Migrant Children presented by MERCOSUR, 17 February 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f4c959f2.html – concerning inter alia the general principles for the protection of asylum-seeking and refugee children in the context of RSD, including re early identification of needs, child-sensitive asylum procedures, reception standards, and detention.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Statement on the reception conditions of asylum-seekers under the Dublin procedure, 1 August 2011, C‑179/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e37b5902.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece, June 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c19e7512.html – concerning inter alia the material situation or reception conditions for asylum-seekers in Greece (see also UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c7fbf052.html).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Comments on the European Commission's Proposal for a recast of the Directive laying down minimum standards for the reception of asylum-seekers (COM (2008)815 final of 3 December 2008), 13 March 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/49ba8a192.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Reception of Asylum-Seekers, Including Standards of Treatment, in the Context of Individual Asylum Systems, 4 September 2001, EC/GC/01/17, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bfa81864.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Reception Standards for Asylum Seekers in the European Union, July 2000, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3440.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Annotated Comments on Council Directive 2003/9/EC of 27 January 2003 Laying Down Minimum Standards for the Reception of Asylum Seekers, July 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f3770104.html

B.11. Entry (article 31) / Freedom of movement (article 26) / (alternatives to) detention TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Key Legal Considerations on access to territory for persons in need of international protection in the context of the COVID-19 response, 16 March 2020, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5e7132834.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Legal Considerations on State Responsibilities for Persons Seeking International Protection in Transit Areas or "International" Zones at Airports, 17 January 2019, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c4730a44.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Summary Conclusions on Non-Penalization for Illegal Entry or Presence: Interpreting and Applying Article 31 of the 1951 Refugee Convention, 15 March 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b18f6740.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's position regarding the detention of refugee and migrant children in the migration context, January 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5885c2434.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR letter to legal counsel re guidance on the interpretation of article 31 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 3 March 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/537e3f984.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Policy on Detention Monitoring, UNHCR/HCP/2015/7, August 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/564199b54.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT) and the International Detention Coalition (IDC), Monitoring Immigration Detention: Practical Manual, 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/53706e354.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Second Global Roundtable on Reception and Alternatives to Detention: Summary of deliberations, August 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/55e8079f4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Beyond Detention: A Global Strategy to support governments to end the detention of asylum-seeker and refugees, 2014-2018, 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/536b564d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on the Applicable Criteria and Standards relating to the Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Alternatives to Detention, 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/503489533b8.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Comments on the European Commission's amended recast proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council laying down standards for the reception of asylum-seekers, July 2012, (COM (2011) 320 final, 1 June 2011), http://www.refworld.org/docid/500560852.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Roundtable on Alternatives to Detention of Asylum-Seekers, Refugees, Migrants and Stateless Persons: Summary Conclusions, July 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e315b882.html

Related sources: TOC

• Dr. Cathryn Costello (with Yulia Ioffe and Teresa Büchsel), UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Article 31 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, July 2017, PPLA/2017/01, http://www.refworld.org/docid/59ad55c24.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, David Jennings, et al. v. Alejandro Rodriguez et al.: UNHCR Brief for Refugees as Amicus Curiae in the Supreme Court of the United States , 31 October 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5821c8f64.html - concerning detention of asylum-seekers; arbitrary detention; government bears the burden of demonstrating the lawfulness of detention; detention must be reviewed periodically by an independent decision-maker; length of detention; prolonged detention impedes access to asylum and can lead to refoulement.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the International Detention Coalition and The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 13 June 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51b86f344.html
• Cathryn Costello & Esra Kaytaz, Building Empirical Research into Alternatives to Detention: Perceptions of Asylum-Seekers and Refugees in Toronto and Geneva, June 2013, PPLA/2013/02, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51a6fec84.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Brief of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1st Amicus Curiae), in the matter of the contravention of fundamental rights and freedoms under Articles 2, 3, 10, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29, 36, 39 and 259, of the Constitution of the Republic of Kenya 2010, and in the matter of Articles 22, 23 and 258 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kenya 2010 and in the matter of the Refugees Act and in the matter of the intention of the Government of Kenya to move all refugees residing in urban areas to the Dadaab and Kakuma Refugee Camps with effect from 21.01.2013, in the High Court of Kenya at Nairobi, Constitutional and Human Rights Division, 12 March 2013, Petition No. 115 of 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5151b5962.html – concerning the right to seek and enjoy asylum; the principle of non-refoulement; rights of residence and freedom of movement; urban refugee policy in the context of forced relocation (to camps) of asylum-seekers and refugees (see also UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/51a869bb4.html).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Canada/USA Bi-National Roundtable on Alternatives to Detention of Asylum Seekers, Refugees, Migrants and Stateless Persons, February 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/515178a12.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the Case of Alaa Al-Tayyar Abdelhakim v. Hungary, 30 March 2012, Application No. 13058/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f75d5212.html – concerning detention of asylum-seekers for the purposes of expulsion; prolonged detention; risk of refoulement.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the Case of Said v. Hungary, 30 March 2012, Application No. 13457/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f75d5e72.html – concerning detention of asylum-seekers, including those transferred to Hungary under the Dublin II Regulation, for the purposes of expulsion; prolonged detention; risk of refoulement.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Submissions to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the framework of request for an Advisory Opinion on Migrant Children presented by MERCOSUR, 17 February 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f4c959f2.html – concerning the right to asylum; the difference between "asilo" and "refugio"; general principles for the protection of asylum-seeking and refugee children in the context of RSD, including with regard to early identification of needs, child-sensitive asylum procedures, reception standards, and detention.
• Alice Edwards, Back to Basics: The Right to Liberty and Security of Person and 'Alternatives to Detention' of Refugees, Asylum-Seekers, Stateless Persons and Other Migrants, April 2011, PPLA/2011/01.Rev.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4dc935fd2.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), UN Economic and Social Council Resolution 2010/16: United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), 22 July 2010, E/RES/2010/16, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d92e5392.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Saadi v. United Kingdom. Written Submissions on Behalf of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 30 March 2007, Appl. No. 13229/03, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47c520722.html – concerning admission, legal status and detention of asylum-seekers in the host territory during the asylum procedure, including whether, and in what circumstances, such detention is compatible with international refugee and human rights law.
• Ophelia Field, Alternatives to Detention of Asylum Seekers and Refugees, April 2006, POLAS/2006/03, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4472e8b84.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• Council of Europe: Committee of Ministers, Recommendation Rec(2003)5 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Measures of Detention of Asylum Seekers, 16 April 2003, Rec(2003)5, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f8d65e54.html
• Guy S. Goodwin-Gill, Article 31 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: Non-Penalization, Detention, and Protection, June 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/470a33b10.html [UNHCR-commissioned background paper, republished as a book chapter in UNHCR (2003), see here]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Advisory Opinion from UNHCR on certain aspects of the detention of asylum-seekers by the INS (USA), 15 April 2002, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3d1c87fe4.html
• Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly, Recommendation 1475 (2000) Arrival of asylum seekers at European airports, 26 September 2000, Rec 1475 (2000), http://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfb1cd.html
• UN Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 28 December 1999, E/CN.4/2000/4, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f25a6.html
• UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 27: Article 12 (Freedom of Movement), 2 November 1999, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45139c394.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Refugees: The Framework, the Problem and Recommended Practice, 4 June 1999, EC/49/SC/CRP.13, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfaf33b5.html [French]
• UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 21: Article 10 (Humane Treatment of Persons Deprived of Their Liberty), 10 April 1992, http://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fb11.html
• UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Resolution 2000/21 on the Detention of Asylum-Seekers, 18 August 2000, 2000/21, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3dda66394.html
• UN Human Rights Committee (HCR), CCPR General Comment No. 20: Article 7 (Prohibition of Torture, or Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment), 10 March 1992, http://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fb0.html
• UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 15: The Position of Aliens Under the Covenant, 11 April 1986, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45139acfc.html
• UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), CCPR General Comment No. 8: Article 9 (Right to Liberty and Security of Persons), 30 June 1982, No. 8, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4538840110.html
• UN General Assembly, United Nations Rules for Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, 14 December 1990, A/RES/45/113, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f18628.html
• UN General Assembly, Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, 9 December 1988, A/RES/43/173, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f219c.html
• UN General Assembly, Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 28 March 1991, A/RES/45/111, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48abd5740.html [French]
• UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, 13 May 1977, http://www.refworld.org/docid/514daf202.html - adopted by the First United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva, 1955, and approved by the Economic and Social Council by res. 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and extended in rec. 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977 to ensure that persons arrested or imprisoned without charge should benefit from most of the provisions.

B.12. Obligations of refugees TOC

B.13. Expulsion and non-refoulement (articles 32 and 33) TOC

B.14. Extradition TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidance Note on Extradition and International Refugee Protection, April 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/481ec7d92.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Sibylle Kapferer, The Interface Between Extradition and Asylum, November 2003, PPLA/2003/05, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3fe846da4.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• Karin Landgren, Deflecting international protection by treaty: bilateral and multilateral accords on extradition, readmission and the inadmissibility of asylum requests, 15 June 1999, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ff58fb92.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on International Protection (submitted by the High Commissioner), 2 August 1989, A/AC.96/728, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68bfe20.html [French] [See section "Extradition of Refugees", para. 21 – 29]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Problems of Extradition Affecting Refugees, 27 August 1980, EC/SCP/14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68ccdc.html [French]

B.15. Rights of asylum-seekers and refugees TOC

B.16. Identity papers / Convention Travel Documents (articles 27-28) TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guide for Issuing Machine Readable Convention Travel Documents for Refugees and Stateless Persons, jointly published by UNHCR and the ICAO, February 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52b166a34.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Bisher Al Rawi, Jamil El Banna, Omar Deghayes, Wahab Al Rawi, Jahida Sayyadi, Sabah Sunnoqrot, Abubaker Deghayes (appellants) v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Secretary of State for the Home Department (respondents), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (intervener), case for the intervener (UNHCR), 12 July 2006, C1/2006/1064, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45c350974.html – submission before the UK House of Lords concerning the right and responsibility of one country which has recognized someone as a refugee to intervene with another on his or her behalf; scope and extent of the obligations of States Parties to the 1951 Convention / 1967 Protocol between themselves; Articles 16 and 25 of the 1951 Convention; extraterritorial effect of decision on refugee status; diplomatic protection; Convention Travel Document.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on follow-up to the earlier Conclusion of the Executive Committee on Travel Documents for Refugees, 3 July 1987, EC/SCP/48, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cca8.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Identity Documents for Refugees, 20 July 1984, EC/SCP/33, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cce4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Travel Documents for Refugees, 30 August 1978, EC/SCP/10, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cce14.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Amicus curiae of UNHCR on the interpretation and application of Article 25, Article 27 and Article 28 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 22 December 2016, https://www.refworld.org/docid/591589be4.html - concerning the obligation of Contracting States to provide administrative assistance, pursuant to Article 25; the obligation to issue 'identity papers' to refugees who does not possess valid travel documents, pursuant to Article 27; and the obligation to issue travel documents pursuant to Article 28.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Opinion: The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the Obligations of States under Articles 25, 27 and 28, with particular reference to refugees without identity or travel documents, May 2000, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51af00184.html [Opinion prepared at the Request of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]

C.1. Asylum – general TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 'Refugees' and 'Migrants' - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), 15 March 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/56e81c0d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Statement on the right to asylum, UNHCR's supervisory responsibility and the duty of States to cooperate with UNHCR in the exercise of its supervisory responsibility. Issued in the context of a reference for a preliminary ruling addressed to Court of Justice of the European Union by the Administrative Court of Sofia lodged on 18 October 2011 – Zuheyr Freyeh Halaf v. the Bulgarian State Agency for Refugees, August 2012, C-528/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5017fc202.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Submissions to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in the framework of request for an Advisory Opinion on Migrant Children presented by MERCOSUR, 17 February 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f4c959f2.html – concerning the right to asylum; the difference between "asilo" and "refugio"; general principles for the protection of asylum-seeking and refugee children in the context of RSD, including with regard to early identification of needs, child-sensitive asylum procedures, reception standards, and detention.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Oral Submissions in Joined Cases of NS (C-411/10) and ME and Others (C-493/10), 28 June 2011, C-411/10 and C-493/10, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e1b10bc2.html – concerning the transfer of asylum-seekers under the EU Dublin Regulation, and the obligation of EU Member States not to transfer where to do so would entail a likely breach of fundamental rights, including the right to asylum (examples of such a breach are provided).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, N.S. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department in United Kingdom; M.E. and Others v. Refugee Application Commissioner and the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform in Ireland – Written Observations of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1 February 2011, C-411/10 and C-493/10, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d493e822.html – concerning the transfer of asylum-seekers under the EU Dublin Regulation, and the obligation of EU Member States not to transfer where to do so would entail a likely breach of fundamental rights, including the right to asylum.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on International Protection, 3 July 2013, A/AC.96/1122, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52bc02504.html [French] [See section IV ("Refugee protection and international migration")]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on International Protection, 30 June 2008, A/AC.96/1053, http://www.refworld.org/docid/486902122.html [French], [See section III ("The right to seek asylum") and IV ("The right to enjoy asylum")]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on International Protection, 7 July 2000, A/AC.96/930, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68d6c4.html [French], [See Section II "Availability and Quality of Asylum"]

C.2. Access to territory and procedures TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Legal Considerations on State Responsibilities for Persons Seeking International Protection in Transit Areas or "International" Zones at Airports, 17 January 2019, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c4730a44.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Observations actualisées du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme dans l'affaire I. M. c. France, requête no. 9152/09, 31 March 2011, Requête no. 9152/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9995d02.html – concerning accelerated RSD procedures for persons in pre-removal detention at the airport; access to interpreters and obligation to submit the refugee application in French; short delay to submit a refugee application; non-suspensive effect of the appeal; absence of safeguards ensuring the effective respect of the principle of non-refoulement (see also earlier intervention here, and UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4dd2b7912.html)
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the Case of Hirsi and Others v. Italy, 29 March 2011, Application no. 27765/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d92d2c22.html – concerning the practice and justification of Italy's "push-back" operations, i.e. interception or interdiction at sea; the extra-territorial scope of the principle of non-refoulement; the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya, including reception and detention conditions and risk of refoulement (see also UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e0356d42.html).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Observations écrites du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés devant la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme dans l'affaire I. M. c/ France, September 2009, Requête no. 9152/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4abb61992.html – concerning accelerated RSD procedures for persons in pre-removal detention at the airport; access to interpreters and obligation to submit the refugee application in French; short delay to submit a refugee application; non-suspensive effect of the appeal; absence of safeguards ensuring the effective respect of the principle of non-refoulement (see also updated observations here, and UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4dd2b7912.html).

C.3. Asylum / Migration nexus TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 'Refugees' and 'Migrants' - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), 31 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/56e81c0d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Labour Mobility for Refugees: Workshop in Geneva, 11 – 12 September 2012 – Summary Conclusions, 25 October 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/508e4fa72.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and International Migration: Achievements, Challenges and Lessons Learned from UNHCR's 10-Point Plan Project, January 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f2654362.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Regional Conferences on Refugee Protection and International Migration in Central America, Western Africa, Eastern Africa and Asia – Selected Conference Materials, June 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e0d6be02.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration: The 10-Point Plan in action, February 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9430ea2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Chairman's Summary, 12 December 2007 (High Commissioner's Dialogue on Protection Challenges (11-12 December 2007), Theme: Refugee Protection, Durable Solutions and International Migration), 21 January 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/479744c42.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and Durable Solutions in the Context of International Migration, 19 November 2007, UNHCR/DPC/2007/Doc. 02, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4745a64f2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration: A 10-Point Plan of Action, January 2007, Rev. 1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45b0c09b2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR, Refugee Protection and International Migration, 17 January 2007, Rev.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/462f6d982.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Refugee Protection and Migration Control: Perspectives from UNHCR and IOM, 31 May 2001, EC/GC/01/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b3701b813.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Training Manual for European Border and Entry Officials, 1 April 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ddf40d12.html
• Katy Long and Jeff Crisp, In Harm's Way: the irregular movement of migrants to Southern Africa from the Horn and Great Lakes regions, January 2011, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d887a0f2.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Statement of the Global Migration Group on the Human Rights of Migrants in Irregular Situation, 30 September 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f7157bc2.html
• Katy Long, Extending protection? Labour migration and durable solutions for refugees, October 2009, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f719bcd2.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• Jeff Crisp, Beyond the nexus: UNHCR's evolving perspective on refugee protection and international migration, 30 April 2008, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c2325646.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's Observations and Recommendations to the High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, June 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/44ca0fd24.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, "Are Refugees Migrants? A Dangerous Confusion". Speech by Ms. Erika Feller, Director of the Department of International Protection, SID lecture series "Migration and Development: Challenges for a World on the Move" (Amsterdam, 27 January 2004), 27 January 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/403603a24.html

C.4. Smuggling / Trafficking TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, General legal considerations of relevance to NATO's engagement with the refugee and migrant movements in the Aegean Sea, 8 March 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/56f3eeee4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Smuggling and Trafficking from the East of Africa: Executive Summary, March 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51d175314.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Statement on the Application of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol to Victims of Trafficking in France, 12 June 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fd84b012.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Prevent. Combat. Protect: Human Trafficking, November 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4edcbf932.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR intervention before the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Hirsi and Others v. Italy, 29 March 2011, Application no. 27765/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d92d2c22.html - concerning inter alia the relationship between the principle of non-refoulement and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime ('Palermo Protocol').
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Heightened Risk Identification Tool (User Guide), June 2010, Second Edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/46f7c0cd2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Heightened Risk Identification Tool, June 2010, Second Edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c46c6860.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Comments on the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings, and protecting victims (COM(2010)95, 29 March 2010), June 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c0fa7092.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protecting Trafficked Persons in the Americas: A Refugee Law Perspective, May 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4bf0f11e2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Human Trafficking and Refugee Protection: UNHCR's Perspective, September 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae17da12.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and Human Trafficking. Selected Legal Reference Materials, First Edition, December 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/498705862.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on International Protection No. 7: The Application of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees to Victims of Trafficking and Persons At Risk of Being Trafficked, 7 April 2006, HCR/GIP/06/07, http://www.refworld.org/docid/443679fa4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Human Rights and Human Trafficking, Paper by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Regional Preparatory Meeting for the 10-Year Review of Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action (14–15 December 2004), December 2004, CRP.6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43f48b284.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Co-operation to Address the Irregular Movement of Asylum-Seekers and Refugees: Elements for an International Framework, 17 April 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3edcdb781.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Observations by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the Proposal for an EU Council Framework Decision on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, 27 June 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c6a65274.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Summary Position on the Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 11 December 2000, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3428.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), General recommendation No. 38 on trafficking in women and girls in the context of global migration, 20 November 2020, CEDAW/C/GC/38, https://www.refworld.org/docid/6006fa354.html
• United Nations, Commentary on the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, November 2010, HR/PUB/10/2, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d2eb7cf2.html
• UN General Assembly, Trafficking in persons, especially women and children: note / by the Secretary-General, 9 August 2010, A/65/288, http://www.refworld.org/docid/521f387b4.html [French]
• UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Toolkit to Combat Smuggling of Migrants. Tool 1, Understanding the smuggling of migrants, July 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f1e8ca22.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and International Migration in the Americas: Trends, Protection Challenges and Responses, December 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c59329b2.html
• Jacqueline Bhabha and Christina Alfirev, The Identification and Referral of Trafficked Persons to Procedures for Determining International Protection Needs, October 2009, PPLAS/2009/03, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ad317bc2.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]
• UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), International Framework for Action: To Implement the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, September 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ad871540.html
• Maria Riiskjær & Anna Marie Gallagher, Review of UNHCR's efforts to prevent and respond to human trafficking, 29 September 2008, PDES/2008/07, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d10b54f2.html
• Kaori Saito, International protection for trafficked persons and those who fear being trafficked, 20 December 2007, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c247bc32.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Human Rights and Human Trafficking, December 2004, CRP.6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43f48b284.html
• Jenna Shearer Demir, The trafficking of women for sexual exploitation: a gender-based and well-founded fear of persecution?, 1 March 2003, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ff3f1e42.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, Substantive Session in 2002, 20 May 2002, UN Doc. E/2002/68/Add.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f1fc60f4.html
• UN General Assembly, Note by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations Children's Fund and the International Organization for Migration on the draft protocols concerning migrant smuggling and trafficking in persons, 8 February 2000, A/AC.254/27, http://www.refworld.org/docid/431840242.html

C.5. Asylum-seekers at sea / Maritime issues TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Legal considerations on the roles and responsibilities of States in relation to rescue at sea, non-refoulement, and access to asylum, December 2022, http://www.refworld.org/docid/6389bfc84.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, General legal considerations: search-and-rescue operations involving refugees and migrants at sea, November 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a2e9efd4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Rescue at Sea. A Guide to Principles and Practice as Applied to Refugees and Migrants, January 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/54b365554.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Initiative on Protection at Sea, 1 May 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/53abd14d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Caribbean Regional Conference on the Protection of Vulnerable Persons in Mixed Migration Flows, Promoting Cooperation and Identification of Good Practices : Conference Conclusions, 23 May 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51e3bf684.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Co-Chairs' Summary: Regional Roundtable on Irregular Movements by Sea in the Asia- Pacific Region, 20 March 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51e3bcfe4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugees and Asylum-Seekers in Distress at Sea – how best to respond?, Summary Conclusions, including "Model Framework for Cooperation following Rescue at Sea Operations involving Refugees and Asylum-Seekers", Djibouti, 5 December 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ede0d392.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Rescue at Sea, Stowaways and Maritime Interception: Selected Reference Materials, December 2011, 2nd Edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ee087492.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Policy Paper: Maritime interception operations and the processing of international protection claims: legal standards and policy considerations with respect to extraterritorial processing, November 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cd12d3a2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The treatment of persons rescued at sea: conclusions and recommendations from recent meetings and expert round tables convened by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 11 April 2008, A/AC.259/17, http://www.refworld.org/docid/49997aeb27.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly, Lives lost in the Mediterranean Sea: who is responsible? 5 April 2012, Doc. 12895, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f7be86b2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the Case of Hirsi and Others v. Italy, 29 March 2011, Application no. 27765/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d92d2c22.html – concerning the practice and justification of Italy's "push-back" operations, i.e. interception or interdiction at sea; the extra-territorial scope of the principle of non-refoulement; the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya, including reception and detention conditions and risk of refoulement (see also UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e0356d42.html).

C.6. Persons not in need of international protection / Return of persons who have had their asylum claim rejected / Re-admission agreements TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 'Migrants in vulnerable situations' UNHCR's perspective, June 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/596787174.html - Chapter 9
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration: The 10-Point Plan in action, February 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9430ea2.html - Chapter 9
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Policy Paper: The return of persons found not to be in need of international protection to their countries of origin: UNHCR's role, November 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cea23c62.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Position on the Proposal for a Directive on Common Standards and Procedures in Member States for Returning Illegally Staying Third-Country Nationals, 16 June 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4856322c2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Observations on the European Commissions Proposal for a Directive on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals (COM(2005) 391 final), 16 December 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43a2a58f4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Regional Meetings: Conclusions (Regional Meeting in Budapest, 6-7 June 2001), 15 June 2001, EC/GC/01/14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b36f29b1.html

Related sources: TOC

• Helen Morris & Machiel Salomons, Difficult decisions: A review of UNHCR's engagement with Assisted Voluntary Return programmes, July 2013, PDES/2013/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/520a45304.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's UNHCR Evaluation Reports Series]
• Council of Europe: Committee of Ministers, Twenty Guidelines on Forced Returns, September 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/42ef32984.html

C.7. National security / International crimes / Terrorism TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Addressing Security Concerns Without Undermining Refugee Protection - UNHCR's Perspective, 17 December 2015, Rev. 2, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5672aed34.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Statement on Article 1F of the 1951 Convention, July 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a5de2992.html – concerning the scope of Article 1F(b) and (c); exclusion in cases involving membership of a terrorist organization; proportionality.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, YS (Egypt) (Appellant) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent). Case for the Intervener (UNHCR), 19 November 2008, C5/2007/2372, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4940d04e2.html – concerning the scope of Article 1F(c); application of Article 1F(c) to acts of "terrorism".
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Addressing Security Concerns Without Undermining Refugee Protection – UNHCR's Perspective, 29 November 2001, Rev.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c0b880e0.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Selected Documents Relating to National Security and Counter-Terrorism Relevant to International Refugee Protection, May 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/49feeaa62.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, "Terrorism as a Global Phenomenon", UNHCR presentation to the Joint Seminar of the Strategic Committee on Immigration, Frontiers and Asylum (SCIFA) and Committee on Article 36 (CATS), 17 January 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4794c7ff2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Background Paper on Preserving the Institution of Asylum and Refugee Protection in the Context of Counter-Terrorism: The Problem of Terrorist Mobility, October 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/475fec412.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Preserving the Institution of Asylum and Refugee Protection in the Context of Counter-Terrorism: The Problem of Terrorist Mobility, 31 October 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/475feb292.html

C.8. Extraterritorial processing TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Note on the "Externalization" of International Protection, May 2021, https://www.refworld.org/docid/60b115604.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Annex to UNHCR Note on the "Externalization" of International Protection: Policies and practices related to the externalization of international protection, May 2021, https://www.refworld.org/docid/60b115b64.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidance Note on bilateral and/or multilateral transfer arrangements of asylum-seekers, May 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51af82794.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Policy Paper: Maritime interception operations and the processing of international protection claims: legal standards and policy considerations with respect to extraterritorial processing, November 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cd12d3a2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-Refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, 26 January 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45f17a1a4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Working Paper: A Revised "EU Prong" Proposal, 22 December 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/400e85b84.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the Case of Hirsi and Others v. Italy, 29 March 2011, Application no. 27765/09, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d92d2c22.html – concerning the practice and justification of Italy's "push-back" operations, i.e. interception or interdiction at sea; the extra-territorial scope of the principle of non-refoulement; the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya, including reception and detention conditions and risk of refoulement (see also UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e0356d42.html).

D.1. Protection in mass influx situations / Emergency response – general TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on International Protection No. 11: Prima Facie Recognition of Refugee Status, 24 June 2015, HCR/GIP/15/11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/555c335a4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Emergency Handbook, 4th edition, 12 June 2015, https://emergency.unhcr.org/
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on the Application in Mass Influx Situations of the Exclusion Clauses of Article 1F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 7 February 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43f48c0b4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Handbook for Emergencies, February 2007, Third edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/46a9e29a2.html [French (Second edition)]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Ensuring International Protection and Enhancing International Cooperation in Mass Influx Situations: Advance Summary Findings of the Study Commissioned by UNHCR, 7 June 2004, EC/54/SC/CRP.11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc27d.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Mechanisms of International Cooperation to Share Responsibilities and Burdens in Mass Influx Situations, 19 February 2001, EC/GC/01/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b35418.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Protection of Refugees in Mass Influx Situations: Overall Protection Framework, 19 February 2001, EC/GC/01/4, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bfa83504.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on International Protection: International Protection in Mass Influx (submitted by the High Commissioner), 1 September 1995, A/AC.96/850, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68d404.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Scope of International Protection in Mass Influx, 2 June 1995, EC/1995/SCP/CRP.3, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cc018.html [French]

D.2. Temporary protection TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Legal considerations on refugee protection for people fleeing conflict and famine affected countries, 5 April 2017, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5906e0824.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on Temporary Protection or Stay Arrangements, February 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52fba2404.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Roundtable on Temporary Protection: 19-20 July 2012. International Institute of Humanitarian Law, San Remo, Italy: Summary Conclusions on Temporary Protection, 20 July 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/506d908a2.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Roundtable on Temporary Protection: 19-20 July 2012. International Institute of Humanitarian Law, San Remo, Italy: Discussion Paper, 20 July 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/506d8ff02.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Expert Meeting on International Cooperation to Share Burdens and Responsibilities, 28 June 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e9fed232.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Annotated Comments on Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on Minimum Standards for Giving Temporary Protection in the Event of a Mass Influx of Displaced Persons and on Measures Promoting a Balance of Efforts Between Member States in Receiving Such Persons and Bearing the Consequences Thereof, 19 May 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ecdeebc4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Protection of Refugees in Mass Influx Situations: Overall Protection Framework, 19 February 2001, EC/GC/01/4, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bfa83504.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Summary Observations on the Commission Proposal for a Council Directive on Minimum Standards for Giving Temporary Protection in the Event of a Mass Influx (Comm (2000) 303, 24 May 2000), 15 September 2000, http://www.refworld.org/docid/437c64b04.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Commentary on the Draft European Union Directive on Temporary Protection in the Event of a Mass Influx, 15 September 2000, http://www.refworld.org/docid/437c5ca74.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Progress Report on Informal Consultations on the Provision of International Protection to all Who Need It, 25 May 1998, EC/48/SC/CRP.32, http://www.refworld.org/docid/522477fa4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Progress Report on Informal Consultations on the Provision of International Protection to All Who Need It, 30 May 1997, EC/47/SC/CRP.27, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc290.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Progress Report on Informal Consultations on the Provision of International Protection to all Who Need It, 28 May 1996, EC/46/SC/CRP.34, http://www.refworld.org/docid/522477a34.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on International Protection, 7 September 1994, A/AC.96/830, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f0a935f2.html [French] [See in particular, part IV.B: "Temporary protection as a pragmatic tool for meeting the need for international protection of refugees, including those outside the scope of the 1951 Convention"]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Report of the Meeting of the Expert Group on Temporary Refuge in Situations of Large-Scale Influx (Geneva 21-24 April 1981), 17 July 1981, EC/SCP/16/Add.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cd04.html

D.3. Civilian character of asylum / Physical security of refugees TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidance Note on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum, December 2018, https://www.refworld.org/docid/452b9bca2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Aide Memoire - Operational Guidance on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Sites and Settlements, July 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b55c6fe4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: The Civilian Character of Asylum: Separating Armed Elements from Refugees, 19 February 2001 EC/GC/01/5, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bfa82d65.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Security, Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Camps and Settlements: Operationalizing the "Ladder of Options", 27 June 2000, EC/50/SC/INF.4, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc040.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Security, and Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Camps and Settlements, 14 January 1999, EC/49/SC/INF.2, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc04d.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The personal security of refugees, 5 May 1993, EC/1993/SCP/CRP.3, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cd10.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Military and Armed Attacks on Refugee Camps and Settlements, 10 August 1987, EC/SCP/47, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cce0.html [French]

D.4. Armed conflict / Relations with the military TOC

• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), IASC Non-Binding Guidelines on the Use of Armed Escorts for Humanitarian Convoys, 27 February 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/523189ab4.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Civil-Military Guidelines and Reference for Complex Emergencies, 7 March 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47da82a72.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR and the Military: A Field Guide, September 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/465702372.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection of Refugees in Non-International Armed Conflicts, 12 August 1989, http://www.refworld.org/docid/438c8bf54.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on the Protection of Refugees in Armed Conflict Situations, 4 October 1982, EC/SCP/25, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cbc18.html [French]

D.5. Camps TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Policy on Alternatives to Camps , 22 July 2014, UNHCR/HCP/2014/9, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423ded84.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Brief of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1st Amicus Curiae), in the matter of the contravention of fundamental rights and freedoms under Articles 2, 3, 10, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29, 36, 39 and 259, of the Constitution of the Republic of Kenya 2010, and in the matter of Articles 22, 23 and 258 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kenya 2010 and in the matter of the Refugees Act and in the matter of the intention of the Government of Kenya to move all refugees residing in urban areas to the Dadaab and Kakuma Refugee Camps with effect from 21.01.2013, in the High Court of Kenya at Nairobi, Constitutional and Human Rights Division, Petition No. 115 of 2013, 12 March 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5151b5962.html – concerning the right to seek and enjoy asylum; the principle of non-refoulement; rights of residence and freedom of movement; urban refugee policy in the context of forced relocation (to camps) of asylum-seekers and refugees (see also UNHCR's oral statement in this case, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/51a869bb4.html).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements. A Reference Guide of Good Practices in the Protection of Refugees and Other Persons of Concern, June 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/44b381994.html

Related sources: TOC

• Norwegian Refugee Council/Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (NRC/IDMC), Camp Management Toolkit, May 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/526f6cde4.html

D.6. Registration TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Operational Standards for Registration and Documentation, December 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9ac8f0.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Handbook for Registration, September 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f967dc14.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Practical Aspects of Physical and Legal Protection with Regard to Registration, 19 February 2001, EC/GC/01/6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bfa82464.html [French]

F.1. Women of Concern TOC

NB: This section relates to operational protection concerns and priorities. For asylum claims and the scope of the Convention grounds, please refer to B.1. Inclusion (article 1A(2)) above, in particular B.1.7. Membership of a particular social group , B.1.8. Gender-related persecution, B.1.10. Child asylum claims and B.1.11. Sexual orientation and gender identity

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Update on refugee women: promoting gender equality and eliminating sexual and gender-based violence, 4 June 2013, EC/64/SC/CRP.12, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5209f48d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protecting refugee women: promoting gender equality, 31 May 2011, EC/62/SC/CRP.14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e967ea12.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls, January 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47cfc2962.html [French]
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Women, Girls, Boys and Men: Different Needs – Equal Opportunities. IASC Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action, December 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/46978c842.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Issues Related to Women at Risk: Discussion Paper on a Possible Executive Committee Conclusion on Displaced Women and Girls at Risk, 17 February 2006, EC/57/SC/CRP.7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9acaf0.html [French]
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Guidelines for Gender-Based Interventions in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Prevention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/439474c74.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Women, Global Consultations on International Protection, 25 April 2002, EC/GC/02/8, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3d6268964.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Commitments to Refugee Women, 12 December 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/479f3b2a2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Policy on Refugee Women, 20 August 1990, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bf1338f4.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), General recommendation No. 38 on trafficking in women and girls in the context of global migration, 20 November 2020, CEDAW/C/GC/38, https://www.refworld.org/docid/6006fa354.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's Dialogues with Refugee Women, 14 February 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5231b1214.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Survivors, Protectors, Providers: Refugee Women Speak Out, 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f310baa2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in the Context of Refugee Status Determination and Resettlement. Module 3: Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in the Context of Resettlement (Resource Package), October 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43e73bef4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in the Context of Refugee Status Determination and Resettlement. Module 2: Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in Refugee Status Determination – Procedural Issues (Resource Package), October 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43e73b644.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in the Context of Refugee Status Determination and Resettlement. Module 1: Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in Refugee Status Determination (Resource Package), October 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43e73af14.html

F.2. Children of Concern TOC

NB: This section relates to operational protection concerns and priorities. For asylum claims and the scope of the Convention grounds, please refer to B.1. Inclusion (article 1A(2)) above, in particular B.1.7. Membership of a particular social group, B.1.8. Gender-related persecution, B.1.10. Child asylum claims and B.1.11. Sexual orientation and gender identity

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion of the Executive Committee No. 113(LXVII) 2016 on youth, 6 October 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/57f7b5a84.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Youth, 31 May 2016, EC/67/SC/CRP.17, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5800cdea4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR intervention before the House of Lords in the case of Secretary of State for the Home Department (Appellant) v. AH (Sudan), IG (Sudan) and NM (Sudan) (Respondents), 4 October 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47162e8c2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees and UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), Safe and Sound: what States can do to ensure respect for the best interests of unaccompanied and separated children in Europe, October 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html
• Global Protection Cluster (GPC), Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5211dc124.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Listen and Learn: Participatory Assessment with Children and Adolescents, July 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fffe4af2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, A Framework for the Protection of Children, 26 June 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fe875682.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Field Handbook for the Implementation of UNHCR BID Guidelines, November 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e4a57d02.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Special measures applying to the return of unaccompanied and separated children to Afghanistan, August 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c91dbb22.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, International protection of children of concern, 31 May 2010, EC/61/SC/CRP.13, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cbd4c042.html
• Separated Children in Europe Programme, SCEP Statement of Good Practice, March 2010, 4th Revised Edition , http://www.refworld.org/docid/415450694.html [Endorsed by UNHCR]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Birth Registration: A Topic Proposed for an Executive Committee Conclusion on International Protection, 9 February 2010, EC/61/SC/CRP.5, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b97a3242.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls, January 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47cfc2962.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on Determining the Best Interests of the Child, May 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48480c342.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Safe Schools and Learning Environment. How to Prevent and Respond to Violence in Refugee Schools. A Guide, June 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/469200e82.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Children at risk, 22 February 2007, EC/58/SC/CRP.7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/49997afa27.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Report on the High Commissioner's Five Global Priority Issues for Refugee Children, 6 June 2006, EC/57/SC/CRP.16, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc3bd.html [French]
• Inter-Agency, Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, January 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4113abc14.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Refugee Children, 25 April 2002, EC/GC/02/9, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3d6268f64.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on Policies and Procedures in Dealing with Unaccompanied Children Seeking Asylum, February 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3360.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Working with Unaccompanied Children. A Community-based Approach, May 1996, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc24d.html
• UN Commission on Human Rights, Impact of armed conflict on children : report of the Secretary-General, 5 February 1996, E/CN.4/1996/110, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9ac910.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Children: Guidelines on Protection and Care, 1994, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3470.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Policy on Refugee Children, 6 August 1993, EC/SCP/82, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3f9e6a534.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (CMW), Joint general comment No. 4 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 23 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on State obligations regarding the human rights of children in the context of international migration in countries of origin, transit, destination and return, 16 November 2017, CMW/C/GC/4-CRC/C/GC/23, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a12942a2b.html
• UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (CMW), Joint general comment No. 3 (2017) of the Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and No. 22 (2017) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the general principles regarding the human rights of children in the context of international migration, 16 November 2017, CMW/C/GC/3-CRC/C/GC/22, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a1293a24.html
• UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), Caring for Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse: Guidelines for health and psychosocial service providers in humanitarian settings, 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/532aa6834.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Special measures applying to the return of unaccompanied and separated children to Afghanistan, August 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c91dbb22.html
• UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), General Comment No. 6 (2005), Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children outside their Country of Origin, 1 September 2005, CRC/GC/2005/6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/42dd174b4.html [French]

F.3. Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities TOC

NB: This section relates to operational protection concerns and priorities. For asylum claims and the scope of the Convention grounds, please refer to B.1. Inclusion (article 1A(2)) above, in particular B.1.7. Membership of a particular social group

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Working with Persons with Disabilities in Forced Displacement, 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e6072b22.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Working with Older Persons in Forced Displacement, 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ee72aaf2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Protection of Older Persons and Persons With Disabilities, 6 June 2007, EC/58/SC/CRP.14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4693775c1c.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's Policy on Older Refugees, 19 April 2000, EC/50/SC/CRP.13, Annex II, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47036b502.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Older Refugees: Looking Beyond the International Year of Older Persons, 7 February 2000, EC/50/SC/CRP.8, http://www.refworld.org/docid/470372372.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Situation of Older Refugees, 14 August 1998, EC/48/SC/CRP.39, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfb270.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Humanitarian Action and Older Persons. An essential brief for humanitarian actors, October 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/490b0c102.html [French]

F.4. National, Ethnic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples TOC

NB: This section relates to operational protection concerns and priorities. For asylum claims and the scope of the Convention grounds, please refer to B.1. Inclusion (article (1A(2)) above, in particular B.1.7. Membership of a particular social group and B.1.6. Religious-based refugee claims

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Working with National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Forced Displacement, 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ee72a2a2.html [French]
• UN General Assembly, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 2 October 2007, A/RES/61/295, http://www.refworld.org/docid/471355a82.html [French]
• United Nations, Minority Rights: International Standards and Guidance for Implementation, 2010, HR/PUB/10/3, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ee9fc7f2.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN Secretary-General (UNSG), Guidance Note on Racial Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, March 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/516fe35f4.html

F.5. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex persons TOC

NB: This section relates to operational protection concerns and priorities. For asylum claims and the scope of the Convention grounds, please refer to B.1. Inclusion (article 1A(2)) above, in particular B.1.7. Membership of a particular social group, B.1.8. Gender-related persecution, B.1.10. Child asylum claims and B.1.11. Sexual orientation and gender identity

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender & Intersex Persons in Forced Displacement, 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e6073972.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Yogyakarta Principles – Principles on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity, March 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48244e602.html [French]

F.6. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence TOC

NB: This section relates to operational protection concerns and priorities. For asylum claims and the scope of the Convention grounds, please refer to B.1. Inclusion (article 1A(2)) above, in particular B.1.7. Membership of a particular social group, B.1.8. Gender-related persecution, B.1.10. Child asylum claims and B.1.11. Sexual orientation and gender identity

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Working with Men and Boy Survivors of Sexual and Gender-based Violence in Forced Displacement, July 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5006aa262.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Action against Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: An Updated Strategy, June 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e01ffeb2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls, January 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47cfc2962.html [French]
• Inter-Agency, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation. An Interagency Statement, February 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47c6aa6e2.html [French]
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Guidelines for Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Prevention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/439474c74.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Against Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons. Guidelines for Prevention and Response, May 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3edcd0661.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Policy on Harmful Traditional Practices (Annexes), 19 December 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3efc79f34.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on certain aspects of sexual violence against refugee women, 12 October 1993, A/AC.96/822, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc390.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), Caring for Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse: Guidelines for health and psychosocial service providers in humanitarian settings, 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/532aa6834.html
• Global Protection Cluster (GPC), Handbook for Coordinating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings, July 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52146d634.html

F.7. HIV/AIDS TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Update on HIV/AIDS and refugees, 19 June 2013, EC/64/SC/CRP.18/Rev. 1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51f617e44.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, HIV/AIDS and refugees, 5 June 2012, EC/63/SC/CRP.16, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51af2a754.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, HIV/AIDS and Refugees, 16 June 2011, EC/62/SC/CRP.15/Rev.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51af29944.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Guidelines for Addressing HIV in Humanitarian Settings, March 2010, JC1767E, http://www.refworld.org/docid/521469794.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Policy Statement on HIV Testing and Counselling in Health Facilities for Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and other Persons of Concern to UNHCR, 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b13ba212.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls, January 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47cfc2962.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, HIV-related Needs in Internally Displaced Persons and Other Conflict-affected Populations: A Rapid Situation Assessment Tool, 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51f263054.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy management for displaced populations Southern Africa, 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51f262644.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Health, Nutrition and HIV/AIDS – New Strategies, 4 June 2007, EC/58/SC/CRP.15, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4693775b2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Antiretroviral Medication Policy for Refugees, 17 January 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45b4af612.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on HIV/AIDS and the Protection of Refugees, IDPs and Other Persons of Concern, 5 April 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4444f0884.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, HIV/AIDS and Refugees, 14 February 2006, EC/57/SC/CRP.9, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9acb00.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Global Protection Cluster (GPC), Handbook for Coordinating Gender-based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings, July 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52146d634.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Guidelines for Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Prevention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/439474c74.html [French]

F.8. Age, Gender and Diversity TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Understanding Community-Based Protection, 20 June 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5209f0b64.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Community-based protection, 4 June 2013, EC/64/SC/CRP.14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5209f0344.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Age, gender and diversity approach, 5 June 2012, EC/63/SC/CRP.14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/50923f2a2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming Forward Plan 2011 ‐ 2016, 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51af2fdc4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Age, Gender and Diversity Policy, 8 June 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4def34f6887.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Heightened Risk Identification Tool (User Guide), June 2010, Second Edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/46f7c0cd2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Heightened Risk Identification Tool, June 2010, Second Edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c46c6860.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Age, gender and diversity mainstreaming, 31 May 2010, EC/61/SC/CRP.14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cc96e1d2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Report on Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming, 2 June 2008, EC/59/SC/CRP.14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4868f3e02.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Manual on a Community Based Approach in UNHCR Operations, March 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47da54722.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Accountability Framework for Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming, May 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47a707950.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Women, Girls, Boys and Men: Different Needs – Equal Opportunities. IASC Gender Handbook in Humanitarian Action, December 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/46978c842.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The UNHCR Tool for Participatory Assessment in Operations, May 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/462df4232.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Women and Mainstreaming: A Gender Equality Perspective, 30 May 2001, EC/51/SC/CRP.17, http://www.refworld.org/docid/49997af927.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Reinforcing a Community Development Approach, 15 February 2001, EC/51/SC/CRP.6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/470629c82.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Accountability Frameworks for Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming and Targeted Actions, 24 June 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51c95f544.html
• Virginia Thomas & Tony Beck, 'Changing the way UNHCR does business? An evaluation of the Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming Strategy', June 2010, PDES/2010/08, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c21ac3a2.html

F.9. Protection of Civilians TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Better Protected? Stabilisation Strategies and the Protection of Civilians, 25 March 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e4b798d2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, A UNHCR Handbook for the Military on Humanitarian Operations, January 1995, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ccea5694.html

Related sources: TOC

• Overseas Development Institute (ODI), UN Integration and Humanitarian Space: An Independent Study Commissioned by the UN Integration Steering Group, December 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52399b704.html
• UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Protecting Civilians in the Context of UN Peacekeeping Operations, November 2009, ISBN: 978-92-1-1320209-9, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52399ae24.html
• UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Aide Memoire – For the consideration of issues pertaining to the protection of civilians in armed conflict, 2011, Vol. I N°4, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52399a794.html
• UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Framework for Drafting Comprehensive Protection of Civilians (POC): Strategies in UN Peacekeeping Operations, 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/523998464.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Frequently Asked Questions on International Humanitarian, Human Rights and Refugee Law in the Context of Armed Conflict, March 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bc03d.html

F.10. Refugees in Urban Settings TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Policy on Refugee Protection and Solutions in Urban Areas, September 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ab8e7f72.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Elizabeth Umlas, Cash in hand: Urban refugees, the right to work UNHCR's advocacy activities, 5 May 2011, PDES/2011/05, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e4b75ed2.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]

G.1. Durable Solutions – General (in relation to both refugees and IDPs) TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Durable Solutions: Preliminary Operational Guide, January 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/57441d774.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration: The 10-Point Plan in action, February 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d9430ea2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's Role in Support of the Return and Reintegration of Displaced Populations: Policy Framework and Implementation Strategy, 11 February 2008, EC/59/SC/CRP.5, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47d6a6db2.html [French]
• UN Development Group (UNDG), UNDG Guidance Note on Durable Solutions for Displaced Persons (refugees, internally displaced persons, and returnees), October 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bbf4d.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Framework for Durable Solutions for Refugees and Persons of Concern, 16 September 2003, EC/53/SC/INF.3, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9ac93d.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Annual Theme: The Pursuit and Implementation of Durable Solutions, 30 August 1996, A/AC.96/872, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9ac9224.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Solution to the Refugee Problem and the Protection of Refugees, 23 August 1989, EC/SCP/55, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cd21c.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• UN Secretary-General (UNSG), Decision No.2011/20 – Durable Solutions: Follow up to the Secretary-General's 2009 report on peacebuilding, 4 October 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5242d12b7.html
• Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs, April 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c5149312.html

G.2. Return, Voluntary Repatriation and Reintegration TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Policy Framework and Implementation Strategy: UNHCR's Role in Support of the Return and Reintegration of Displaced Populations, August 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48c628d42.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's Role in Support of the Return and Reintegration of Displaced Populations: Policy Framework and Implementation Strategy, 11 February 2008, EC/59/SC/CRP.5, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47d6a6db2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Legal Safety Issues in the Context of Voluntary Repatriation, 7 June 2004, EC/54/SC/CRP.12, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9acb3d.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, May 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/416bd1194.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Voluntary Repatriation, 25 April 2002, EC/GC/02/5, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3d62695d4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Checklist on the Restitution of Housing and Property, 28 November 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c0e327d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Excerpt from Expert Study: Housing and Property Issues for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons in the Context of Return – Key Considerations for UNHCR Policy and Practice, 28 November 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c0e32f24.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Returnee and Displaced Person Monitoring Framework (RMF), Inter-Agency Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the European Community Monitoring Mission (ECMM), 2 February 1999, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3df756284.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Reintegration in the Transition from War to Peace, September 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31f8.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Annual Theme: Repatriation Challenges, 9 September 1997, A/AC.96/887, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9ac950.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration, 15 May 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31a70.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Handbook – Voluntary Repatriation: International Protection, January 1996, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3510.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security , 2012, ISBN 978-92-5-107277-6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5322b79e4.html
• Katy Long, Back to where you once belonged A historical review of UNHCR policy and practice on refugee repatriation, September 2013, PDES/2013/14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5226d8f44.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's UNHCR Evaluation Reports Series]
• United Nations, United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation Income Generation and Reintegration, June 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5227107a4.html

G.3. Resettlement TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Integration of Resettled Refugees: Essentials for Establishing a Resettlement Programme and Fundamentals for Sustainable Resettlement Programmes, June 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51b81d9f4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on the Resubmission of Resettlement Cases, June 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ff165b12.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Implementation of the Strategic Use of Resettlement, September 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ff147912.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Resettlement Handbook, July 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ecb973c2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidance Note on Emergency Transit Facilities: Timisoara, Romania / Manila, Philippines / Humenné, the Slovak Republic, 4 May 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4dddec3a2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Position Paper on the Strategic Use of Resettlement, 4 June 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c0d10ac2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Heightened Risk Identification Tool (User Guide), June 2010, Second Edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/46f7c0cd2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Heightened Risk Identification Tool, June 2010, Second Edition, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c46c6860.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in the Context of Refugee Status Determination and Resettlement. Module 3: Ensuring Gender Sensitivity in the Context of Resettlement (Resource Package), October 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/43e73bef4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Multilateral Framework of Understandings on Resettlement, FORUM/2004/6, 16 September 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/41597d0a4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Resettlement. An International Handbook to Guide Reception and Integration, September 2002, http://www.refworld.org/docid/405189284.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Strengthening and Expanding Resettlement Today: Dilemmas, Challenges and Opportunities, Global Consultations on International Protection, 25 April 2002 EC/GC/02/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3d62679e4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, New Directions for Resettlement Policy and Practice, 14 June 2001, EC/51/SC/INF.2, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3da1b32b2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration, 15 May 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31a70.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Self-Study Module: Resettlement Learning Programme, October 2012, Rev., http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae6b9b92.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Frequently Asked Questions about Resettlement, September 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ac0d7e52.html
• Inter-Agency, Joint Statement on HIV Testing in the Context of Resettlement, 28 June 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/46822d001c.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Information Note on HIV Testing for Resettlement Applicants, June 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4682730c5.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Resettlement Handbook (country chapters last updated September 2009), 1 November 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b35e0.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Strategic Use of Resettlement (A Discussion Paper Prepared by the Working Group on Resettlement), 3 June 2003, EC/53/SC/CRP.10/Add.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/41597a824.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Resettlement of Refugees with Special Needs, 25 May 1998, EC/48/SC/CRP.28, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9ac970.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines Regarding Surgical Treatment and Non-Routine Medical Investigations for Refugee Resettlement Candidates, 1 March 1990, http://www.refworld.org/docid/446885d64.html

G.4. Local Integration in the Country of Asylum TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, A New Beginning: Refugee Integration in Europe, September 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/522980604.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Benefits of Belonging: Local integration options and opportunities for host countries, communities and refugees, 29 July 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e56170b2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Integration of Beneficiaries of International Protection in the European Union: Observations and Recommendations to the European Commission in its consultation on the upcoming Second European Union Agenda for Integration, March 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d8ca44a2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Updated UNHCR Observations on the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directive 2003/109/EC Establishing a Long-Term Residence Status to Extend its Scope to Beneficiaries of International Protection, August 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c601c5e2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Integration of Beneficiaries of International Protection in the European Union – Recommendations to the European Ministerial Conference on Integration, Zaragosa (15 and 16 April 2010), April 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4bc862412.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Agenda for the Integration of Refugees in Central Europe, April 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4bfe72542.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Observations on the European Commission Communication "A Common Agenda for Integration: Framework for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals in the European Union" (COM (2005) 389 final, 1.9.2005), 14 November 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/437b4e7e4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Local Integration and Self-Reliance, Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, Standing Committee, 2 June 2005, EC/55/SC/CRP.15, http://www.refworld.org/docid/478b3ce12.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Consultations on International Protection/Third Track: Local Integration, 25 April 2002, EC/GC/02/6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3d6266e17.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• Migration Policy Group (MPG), EU support for Integration: what about beneficiaries of International Protection? A User's Guide to EU Standards, Funds and Cooperation, 14 April 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4bfe96782.html
• Katy Long, Extending protection? Labour migration and durable solutions for refugees, October 2009, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f719bcd2.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's New Issues in Refugee Research Series]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Handbook for Planning and Implementing Development Assistance for Refugees (DAR) Programme, January 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/428076704.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Promoting integration through mobility: free movement and the ECOWAS Protocol, 25 December 2007, ISSN 1020-7473, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c2325600.html
• Rosa da Costa, Rights of Refugees in the Context of Integration: Legal Standards and Recommendations, June 2006, POLAS/2006/02, http://www.refworld.org/docid/44bb9b684.html [Part of the Legal and Protection Policy Research Series for the Division of International Protection]

G.5. Family Reunification TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Expert Roundtable on the Right to Family Life and Family Unity in the Context of Family Reunification of Refugees and Other Persons In Need Of International Protection: Summary Conclusions, April 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b18f5774.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Right to Family Life and Family Unity of Refugees and Others in Need of International Protection and the Family Definition Applied, January 2018, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a9029f04.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The "Essential Right" to Family Unity of Refugees and Others in Need of International Protection in the Context of Family Reunification, January 2018, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a902a9b4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Discussion paper prepared for the Expert Roundtable on the Right to Family Life and Family Unity in the Context of Family Reunification, 4 December 2017, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a902b084.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR intervention before the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in the case of Bringas-Rodriguez v. Lynch, Attorney General, 22 February 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/57447af34.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugee Family Reunification. UNHCR's Response to the European Commission Green Paper on the Right to Family Reunification of Third Country Nationals Living in the European Union (Directive 2003/86/EC), February 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f55e1cf2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Suspension of "General Cessation" Declarations in respect of particular persons or groups based on acquired rights to family unity, December 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4eef5a1b2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Note on DNA Testing to Establish Family Relationships in the Refugee Context, June 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/48620c2d2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's Comments on the Amended Proposal of the European Commission for a Council Directive on the Right to Family Reunification (COM (2002) 225 final, 2 May 2002), 10 September 2002, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3e4932de4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protecting the Family: Challenges in Implementing Policy in the Resettlement Context, June 2001, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9aca12.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Comments to the Commission Proposal for a Council Directive on the Right to Family Reunification (COM (1999) 638), 9 March 2000, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c6a60a54.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Family Protection Issues, 4 June 1999, EC/49/SC/CRP.14, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae9aca00.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Family Reunification, 18 July 1983, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3bd3f0fa4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on Family Reunification, 13 August 1981, EC/SCP/17, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68cd48.html [French]

H.1. International legal instruments relating to nationality and statelessness TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Extracts relating to nationality and statelessness from selected universal and regional human rights instruments, November 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c29aec02.html
• International Law Commission, Articles on Nationality of Natural Persons in Relation to the Succession of States (With Commentaries), 3 April 1999, Supplement No. 10 (A/54/10), http://www.refworld.org/docid/4512b6dd4.html
• UN General Assembly, Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 30 August 1961, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 989, p. 175, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b39620.html [French]
• UN General Assembly, Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 28 September 1954, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 360, p. 117, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3840.html [French]

H.2. UNHCR's statelessness mandate TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Update on statelessness, 3 June 2015, EC/66/SC/CRP.11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/560506b1b.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Note on statelessness, 4 June 2013, EC/64/SC/CRP.11, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51d2a8884.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Extracts relating to UNHCR's supervisory responsibility for the statelessness conventions, 5 July 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f5cd0692.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Statelessness: An Analytical Framework for Prevention, Reduction and Protection, 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/49a28afb2.html [French]
• UN General Assembly, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees : resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 25 January 2007, A/RES/61/137, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45fa902d2.html paras 2,4,7 [French]
• UN General Assembly, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 9 February 1996, A/RES/50/152, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f31d24.html paras 14-16 [French]
• UN General Assembly, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly., 24 February 1995, A/RES/49/169, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f30bc.html para 20 [French]
• UN General Assembly, Question of the establishment, in accordance with the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, of a body to which persons claiming the benefit of the Convention may apply, 30 November 1976, A/RES/31/36, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f1153c.html [French]
• UN General Assembly, Question of the establishment, in accordance with the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, of a body to which persons claiming the benefit of the Convention may apply, 10 December 1974, 3274(XXIX), http://www.refworld.org/docid/521df7c84.html [French]

H.3. Guidance on specific aspects of UNHCR's mandate on identification, prevention, and reduction of statelessness and protection of stateless persons TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Good Practices Paper – Action 6: Establishing Statelessness Determination Procedures to Protect Stateless Persons, 11 July 2016, http://www.refworld.org/docid/57836cff4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Good Practices Paper – Action 9: Acceding to the UN Statelessness Conventions, 28 April 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/553f617f4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Good Practices Paper - Action 3: Removing Gender Discrimination from Nationality Laws, 6 March 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/54f8377d4.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Good Practices Paper - Action 1: Resolving Existing Major Situations of Statelessness, 23 February 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/54e75a244.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Action Plan to End Statelessness, 4 November 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/545b47d64.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Handbook on Protection of Stateless Persons, 30 June 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/53b676aa4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Expert Meeting - Interpreting the 1961 Statelessness Convention and Avoiding Statelessness resulting from Loss and Deprivation of Nationality ("Tunis Conclusions"), March 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/533a754b4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidelines on Statelessness No. 4: Ensuring Every Child's Right to Acquire a Nationality through Articles 1-4 of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 21 December 2012, HCR/GS/12/04, http://www.refworld.org/docid/50d460c72.html
• UN Secretary-General (UNSG), Guidance Note of the Secretary General: The United Nations and Statelessness, June 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e11d5092.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Submission by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of Kuric and Others v. Slovenia, 8 June 2011, No. 26828/06, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4df9cd8c2.html – concerning the link between residency status and statelessness in the context of statelessness resulting from state succession.
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR intervention before the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Lakatosh and Others v. Russia, March 2011, Application No. 32002/10, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4d74aec52.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Action to Address Statelessness: A Strategy Note, March 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4b9e0c3d2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Brief on Statelessness and Detention Issues, 27 November 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4410638fc.html

H.4. Promotion of accession to the statelessness conventions TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Statelessness Conventions Campaign: Why States Should Accede to the 1954 and 1961 Statelessness Conventions, October 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cb6b2052.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Preventing and Reducing Statelessness: The 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, September 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cad866e2.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protecting the Rights of Stateless Persons: The 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, September 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cad88292.html [French]

I.1. Normative framework on IDPs TOC

• African Union, African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa ("Kampala Convention"), 22 October 2009, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae572d82.html [French]
• International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, Regional Treaties, Agreements, Declarations and Related, Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons, 30 November 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52384fe44.html
• UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, 22 July 1998, E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3c3da07f7.html [French]

Related sources: TOC

• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Model Act for the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (with commentary), March 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5242cee74.html

I.2. Policy guidance regarding IDPs TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Internal Displacement: Responsibility and Action, October 2013, Handbook for Parliamentarians No 20 – 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/528b1a444.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR's role in support of an enhanced humanitarian response to situations of internal displacement, 4 June 2007, EC/58/SC/CRP.18, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4693775c2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, The Protection of Internally Displaced Persons and the Role of UNHCR, 27 February 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/45ddc5c04.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme, Internally Displaced Persons, 7 October 1994, No. 75 (XLV) – 1994, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae68c434.html

Related sources: TOC

• Norwegian Refugee Council/Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (NRC/IDMC), National Instruments on Internal Displacement: A Guide to their Development, August 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5242d02d4.html
• Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs, April 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c5149312.html
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Introduction to the Guidelines for the domestic facilitation and regulation of international disaster relief and initial recovery assistance, 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5242cf5e4.html

I.3. Operational guidance regarding IDPs TOC

• Global Protection Cluster (GPC), Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons, June 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4790cbc02.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Protection of Conflict-Induced IDPs: Assessment for Action, Provisional release, February 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/47eba3c62.html

Related sources: TOC

• Guillermo Bettocchi, Ana Grace Cabrera, Jeff Crisp & Anna de la Varga Fito, Protection and Solutions in Situations of Internal Displacement: Learning from UNHCR's Operational Experience, August 2002, EPAU/2002/10, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51b073934.html [Part of the Policy Development and Evaluation Service's UNHCR Evaluation Reports Series]

I.4. Durable solutions for IDPs TOC

See G.I, Durable Solutions General, in relation to both Refugees and IDPs

J.1. GPC guidance on IDPs TOC

• Global Protection Cluster (GPC), Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons, June 2010, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4790cbc02.html
• Inter-Agency, Handbook on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons. Implementing the 'Pinheiro Principles', March 2007, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4693432c2.html

Related sources: TOC

• UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security , 2012, ISBN 978-92-5-107277-6, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5322b79e4.html

J.2. Protection Mainstreaming TOC

• Inter-Agency Standing Committee, The Centrality of Protection in Humanitarian Action Statement by the Principals, 17 December 2013, PR/1312/4439/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/54913c1715.html
• Global Protection Cluster (GPC), Tip Sheet for Field Protection Clusters, 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52397a9e4.html
• Global Protection Cluster (GPC), Brief on Protection Mainstreaming, 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/523976174.html

J.3. Transformative Agenda TOC

• UN Secretary-General (UNSG), Rights up Front, May 2014, http://www.refworld.org/docid/549141f84.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), The Centrality of Protection in Humanitarian Action Statement by the Principals, 17 December 2013, PR/1312/4439/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/54913c1715.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Transformative Agenda Reference Document 5. Responding to Level 3 Emergencies: The Humanitarian Programme Cycle, November 2012, PR/1212/4224/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/512dee5a2.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Transformative Agenda Reference Document 4. Reference Module for Cluster Coordination at the Country Level, November 2012, PR/1212/4223/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/512dedd22.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Transformative Agenda Reference Document 3. Responding to Level 3 Emergencies: What 'Empowered Leadership' looks like in practice, November 2012, PR/1209/4175/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52397b894.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Transformative Agenda Reference Document 2. Humanitarian System-Wide Emergency Activation: definition and procedures, April 2012, PR/1204/4078/713, http://www.refworld.org/docid/512deb632.html
• Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), Transformative Agenda Reference Document 1. Concept Paper on 'Empowered Leadership', 13 April 2012, PR/1204/4069/7, http://www.refworld.org/docid/512dea292.html

M.1. Data Protection TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, General Policy on Data Protection and Privacy, 20 December 2022, https://www.refworld.org/docid/63d3bdf94.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Addendum on Data Sharing to the January 2011 Memorandum of Understanding between the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the World Food Programme (WFP), 17 September 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5bbcac014.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Guidance on the Protection of Personal Data of Persons of Concern to UNHCR, 23 August 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5b360f4d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Policy on the Protection of Personal Data of Persons of Concern to UNHCR, May 2015, http://www.refworld.org/docid/55643c1d4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, An efficient and protective Eurodac – UNHCR comments on the Commission's amended proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of 'EURODAC' for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of Regulation (EU) No [ … / … ] (establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person) and to request comparisons with EURODAC data by Member States' law enforcement authorities and Europol for law enforcement purposes and amending Regulation (EU) No 1077/2011 establishing a European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice (Recast version), November 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/50ad01b72.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Advisory Opinion on the Rules of Confidentiality Regarding Asylum Information, 31 March 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/42b9190e4.html

M.2. Commenting on National (Asylum) Legislation TOC

M.3. Involvement with Courts TOC

Related sources: TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Toolkit on How to Request Interim Measures under Rule 39 of the Rules of the European Court of Human Rights for Persons in Need of International Protection, February 2012, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f8e8f982.html

M.4. Relations with International Criminal Tribunals / ICC TOC

• International Criminal Court (ICC), Negotiated Relationship Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations, 22 July 2004, ICC-ASP/3/Res.1, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51b080fa4.html [French] [Entered into force 4 October 2004]

M.5. Rule of Law TOC

• UN Secretary-General (UNSG), Guidance Note on Racial Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, March 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/516fe35f4.html
• UN Secretary-General (UNSG), Guidance Note of the Secretary General: The United Nations and Statelessness, June 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e11d5092.html
• UN Secretary-General (UNSG), Guidance Note of the Secretary-General: United Nations Approach to Rule of Law Assistance, 14 April 2008, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a54bbf64.html
• UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) [on women and peace and security], 31 October 2000, S/RES/1325 (2000), http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f4672e.html

M.6. Communications and public information TOC

M.7. Partnerships and high-level agreements TOC

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Joint Letter from IOM and UNHCR on the Collaboration Between the two Organizations, 25 January 2019, https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c519a614.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Joint letter from UNHCR and ICRC on Enhancing Cooperation on Internal Displacement, 24 October 2018, http://www.refworld.org/docid/5bd9827a4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Working Arrangement between the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 13 December 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/52aef24c4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the International Detention Coalition and The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 13 June 2013, http://www.refworld.org/docid/51b86f344.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 22 June 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/4e084a812.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the World Food Programme (WFP), January 2011, http://www.refworld.org/docid/505c71e1141.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Model UNHCR Co-operation Agreement between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Government of Country X, 2009, Rev. MNW 24/10/01, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31b27.html [French]
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding Between the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) on "Strategic Partnership", 29 May 2006, http://www.refworld.org/docid/44ca16354.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Strategic Partnership Agreement Between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the European Commission (Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy), 15 February 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/42135e6c4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding Between the United Nations Volunteers Programme and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 18 October 2005, http://www.refworld.org/docid/439eee8f4.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Inter-Office Memorandum Between the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 7 April 2004, http://www.refworld.org/docid/416272c64.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding Between the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 17 December 2003, http://www.refworld.org/docid/416274284.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding Between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ), 30 August 1999, http://www.refworld.org/docid/42c3fa0b2.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration, 15 May 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31a70.html
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Memorandum of Understanding between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the World Health Organization, 17 March 1997, http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b31b17.html