Yemen

Operational context

Despite the Hudaydah Agreement signed in December 2018, fighting continued in many areas of the country throughout 2019, and Yemen remained one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises for yet another year. During 2019, some 400,000 Yemenis were forced to flee their homes.

Heavy rain and flooding from May 2019 onwards caused severe damage to homes and livelihoods, compounding the impact of the conflict.

Despite the ongoing fighting, an estimated 132,200 individuals, mostly Ethiopians, arrived to Yemen during 2019 as part of mixed population movements. Some 7,700 registered with UNHCR, the majority of whom originated from Ethiopia and Somali, although the numbers in need of international protection were estimated to be higher. UNHCR encouraged newcomers to register their status as asylum-seekers with authorities to legalize their stay, and ensure their protection against forced returns, as well as to gain access to health and education services.

UNHCR continued to lead the protection, shelter/non-food items, and camp coordination and camp management clusters for IDPs, and co-led the refugees and migrants multi-sector response along with IOM. UNHCR also worked to ensure that humanitarian interventions contributed to the overall development of the country, and that IDP and refugee resilience was integrated into the humanitarian response.

Population trends

Some 24.1 million Yemenis needed assistance, of which 14.4 million required life-saving protection assistance and services. The number of IDPs was estimated at some 3.6 million by end-2019, while total IDP returnees since 2015 reached 1.2 million persons.

Close to 66,500 families were newly displaced in 2019, with the majority in Hajjah (26%), Al Dhale’e (17%) and Al Hudaydah (16%) governorates.

By the end of 2019, Yemen hosted an estimated 279,000 refugees and asylum-seekers, mainly from Somalia (96%) and Ethiopia.

Achievements

UNHCR provided IDPs, who often fled with little belongings, with basic assistance. Throughout the year, community-based protection networks conducted household assessments for some 174,000 families. As a result, some 80% of families were referred to specialized services or support, such as legal assistance. UNHCR expanded its distribution of cash grants, developing an online verification system where the beneficiary families were selected automatically and impartially.

In order to provide protection and assistance to refugees and asylum-seekers, UNHCR supported and rehabilitated health care clinics across the country; supported livelihoods and self-sufficiency through provision of skills training and small business kits; and provided psychosocial counselling, medical help and legal support to survivors of SGBV. Children at risk of exploitation and abuse were identified and provided with tailored assistance, while unaccompanied and out-of-school children received psychosocial counselling, medical attention, and legal support.

UNHCR facilitated return programmes to countries of origin, together with IOM. Some 1,700 Somalis were assisted to return to Somalia in 2019. More than 140 individual cases were submitted for resettlement, most of whom were at particular risk by staying in Yemen, including survivors of torture and trauma.

Unmet needs

Due to the prolonged and continuously deteriorating conflict across the country, a growing number of IDPs were dependent on external support but due to underfunding--at only 74 per cent by years end-- UNHCR prioritized people with specific protection needs. Many IDPs lacked identity documents, which were essential in ensuring their access to public services.   

Despite UNHCR’s efforts to register refugees and asylum-seekers, it was estimated that 150,000 people remained unregistered, leaving them unable to access essential services such as health and education, and putting them at further risk of abuse and exploitation.

Working environment

In 2019, the crisis in Yemen is expected to continue with unprecedented humanitarian needs for UNHCR’s people of concern. Conflict and socio-economic deterioration are expected to continue, resulting in increased protection challenges such as poverty, concomitant deterioration, reliance on extreme negative coping mechanisms, inadequate social services, constrained protection space, elevated psychosocial trauma and continued high levels of internal displacement. UNHCR’s operation in Yemen is further challenged by restricted humanitarian access. UNHCR will continue working closely with central and local authorities and humanitarian partners to implement the 2013 National Displacement Policy while navigating the expectations of the National Authority for the Management and Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (NAMCHA).
 
With regard to internal displacement in Yemen, in 2019, UNHCR will respond to new displacement, creating and reinforcing protection space; building community resilience; and enabling durable solutions for IDP returnees, against a backdrop of continued security challenges.
 
Refugees and migrants, mainly from Ethiopia and Somalia, are expected to continue to arrive in Yemen, albeit in smaller numbers, in search of protection or transit to the Arabian Peninsula. They will continue to face challenges such as smuggling, trafficking and restricted access to territory. The more than 282,000 refugees will continue to face increased vulnerabilities, both in the north and south of the country, affecting their livelihood, access and coping abilities.
 
Restrictive protection space, particularly in the north, and policies of controlled movement continue to subject persons of concern to heightened protection risks. UNHCR is advocating for durable solutions for vulnerable refugees in Yemen, especially extremely vulnerable women and girls of all nationalities, in light of the serious protection risks faced by them in Yemen.
 
UNHCR will continue its Assisted Spontaneous Return (ASR) programme for Somali refugees, in cooperation with IOM and national authorities in Yemen and Somalia. The ASR programme provides returnees with medical screenings, transportation and cash assistance. UNHCR will also explore the voluntary repatriation of Ethiopians, who, following the election of a new administration in Ethiopia, are expressing the intention to return. As the lead for the Protection and Shelter/NFIs clusters, and the co-lead for the Refugee and Migrants Multi-Sector response, UNHCR will remain actively engaged in the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) process in 2019.

Key Priorities

In 2019, UNHCR will focus on:

• Providing lifesaving support and legal protection to refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs and IDP returnees;
• Jointly with the Yemen authorities, ensuring the provision of international protection to refugees arriving and residing in Yemen, in accordance with the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol to which Yemen is a signatory;
• Maintaining and reinforcing the protection space; implementing durable solutions: ASR, voluntary repatriation and pursuit of out-of-camp policies for refugees in the south;
• Delivering core-relief items, emergency shelter and multi-purpose cash for shelter and protection to IDPs, IDP returnees, and vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers;
• Increasing partnerships with all humanitarian actors in Yemen with the aim of enhancing coordination mechanisms;
• Advocating for and supporting diverse durable solutions for all people of concern including voluntary return, and other alternative pathways;
• Strengthening protection interventions for returnees and IDPs, particularly through community-based protection networks, provision of legal assistance and psychosocial support with a focus on sexual and gender-based violence survivors;
• Strengthening the capacity of local partners and diversifying partnerships in order to provide effective, efficient and tailor-made humanitarian interventions;
• Supporting the capacity-building of local and national authorities to address protection challenges;
• Improved urban refugee protection monitoring, programming and mainstreaming people of concern within national services and humanitarian development programming;
• Continued support to improve living standards in Kharaz camp, while pursuing transitioning of the camp to government with an area-based, multi-partner response approach.