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Waste-to-Value Sanitation in Kakuma Refugee Camp

In response to a call for sanitation solutions for difficult ground conditions in refugee settings, Sanivation introduced an innovative market-based solution with a waste-to-value component to Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. This report examines the business model and financial model that Sanivation developed during the project and illustrates some of the real world challenges and opportunities for waste-to-value sanitation. It is hoped that the insights from this research will provide a useful reference for potential investors and entrepreneurs, as well as humanitarian practitioners looking to design self-sustaining waste-to-value sanitation services in refugee and low-resource settings in the future.

    Essential Environmental Health Standards in Health Care (WHO, 2008)

    This document provides guidance on essential environmental health standards required for health care in medium- and low-resource countries and support the development and implementation of national policies. These guidelines have been written for use by health managers and planners, architects, urban planners, water and sanitation staff, clinical and nursing staff, carers and other health-care providers, and health promoters.

    Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Post-Emergency Contexts (UNHCR, OXFAM GB)

    UNHCR and Oxfam commissioned this study to better understand how emergency WASH services are delivered, and to identify how the provision of infrastructure can lead to sustainable service delivery and a more professional management mechanism. As many humanitarian crises are protracted in nature, emergency WASH services need to be sustained once humanitarian agencies depart. This report aims to review and identify alternative service delivery options, and to provide some pragmatic guidance that can be incorporated into emergency response programmes and tested, evaluated and built on in the future.

    Container-based Toilets with Solid Fuel Briquettes Guidelines

    These Best Practice Guidelines were developed by Sanivation, a private sanitation company based in Kenya under UNHCR’s “Waste to Value” Project, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The Guidelines are based on ongoing operational research in Kakuma Refugee Camp in partnership with UNHCR and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), and will be update at the end of the Project in 2019.

    Tiger Worm Toilet Guidelines

    These Best Practice Guidelines were developed by Oxfam under UNHCR’s “Waste to Value” Project, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The Guidelines are based on operational research conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Jewi Refugee Camp in Ethiopia, where the Tiger Worm Toilets remain in operation and under regular monitoring.

    UNHCR WASH Equipment Specifications

    This WASH Equipment Specifications Catalogue has been produced by UNHCR’s WASH and Procurement Departments to improve the acquisition and effective procurement of WASH relief items.

    The catalogue includes specifications and quality requirements for standard WASH equipment items such as pumps, tapstands, water tanks and water testing equipment.

    UNHCR Urine Diverting Dry Toilet (UDDT) Standard Operating Procedures

    Double vault Urine Diversion Dry Toilets (UDDT) can be used as an alternative to pit latrines in refugee camps. They utilise two chambers for faeces, one of which is in use whilst the other is full and drying so that it can be safely disposed of after an appropriate period of time.
    These Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) were developed by Oxfam under UNHCR’s “Waste to Value” Project, which was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. They are largely based on UDDTs developed under the Waste to Value Project in Ethiopia.