Syrian Arab Republic

Annual Protection Reports 7
Annual Reports 529
Case Law 121
Chronologies of Events 2
Commentaries 6
Comments on Concluding Observations 2
Compilations 6
Concluding Observations 14
Conference Reports 3
Country Briefing Folders 2
Country News 5,384
Country Operations Plans 4
Country Profiles 5
Country Reports 566
Country/Situation Specific Position Papers 22
Court Interventions / Amicus Curiae 3
Fact Finding Reports 5
General Comments/Recommendations 2
Handbooks/Manuals 1
Legal Articles/Analyses/Commentaries 6
Maps 750
Memoranda of Understanding 1
Mission Reports 1
Multilateral Treaties/Agreements 1
National Decrees, Circulars, Regulation, Policy Documents 5
National Legislation 7
Policy/Position Papers 2
Presidential Statements 29
Query Responses 329
Regional Reports 42
Research, Background and Discussion Papers 5
Resolutions/Recommendations/Declarations 173
Sessional Reports 12
Speeches/Statements 59
States Parties Reports 14
Thematic Guidelines 1
Thematic Reports 51
UNHCR Country Updates 215

1951 Refugee Convention 4
Abduction 223
Abkhazians 2
Abuse of psychiatry 1
Access to procedures 15
Access to water 55
Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations 2
Administrative courts 1
Administrative law 1
Adoption 2
Afars 1
Africans 4
Agents of persecution 1
Ahmadis 6
Ahwazi 2
Airports 5
Alawi 40
Albanians 5
Albinism/Persons with Albinism 7
Aliens 2
Anglican 1
Anti-terrorism law 32
Appeal / Right to appeal 7
Arabs 19
Arbitrary arrest and detention 365
Armed attacks on camps 37
Armed forces / Military 580
Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 838
Armenian 20
Arrival 19
Assyrians 16
Asylum policy 13
Asylum-migration nexus 28
Asylum-seekers 217
Atheist / Agnostic 1
Atheist / Agnostic 1
Baluchis 1
Baptist 5
Bedoon 6
Border conflict 116
Border controls 48
Border crossers 73
Buddhist 20
Burden of proof 4
Burden-sharing and international co-operation 47
Camp management 14
Capacity building of state institutions 2
Catholic 20
Ceasefire 281
Chaldean 6
Changes of circumstances in home country 1
Chechen 44
Child labour 21
Child prostitution 12
Child soldiers 48
Children's rights 201
Children-at-risk 258
Chinese 1
Christian 157
Circassians 22
Citizenship / Nationality law 9
Civil and political rights 25
Civil war 699
Civilian character of asylum 2
Climate change (including environmental migrants) 7
Combatants / Former combatants 7
Communal conflict / Social conflict 60
Community development 3
Complementary forms of protection 4
Conflict prevention 22
Conflict resolution 106
Conflict situation 293
Constitutional law 2
Contemporary forms of slavery 12
Convention against Torture (CAT) 5
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 5
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 4
Convention refugee 2
Copts 10
Corruption 66
Country of origin information (COI) 22
Coup d'état 24
Credibility assessment 4
Crimean Tatars 2
Crimes against humanity 89
Crimes against peace 1
Criminal justice 69
Dalit 1
Death in custody 33
Death penalty 121
Decision on admissibility 3
Demobilization / Disarmament 48
Democracy 24
Denial of refugee status 7
Deportation / Forcible return 101
Diplomatic assurances 1
Disappeared persons 174
Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 85
Domestic violence 28
Drug trafficking 5
Druze 32
EU Qualification Directive 2
Economic, social and cultural rights 48
Effective protection 5
Effective remedy 31
Election law 2
Elections 268
Embargo 8
Emigrants 5
Entry / Exit 18
Equal opportunities 2
Equality before the law 4
Eritreans 1
Ethiopians 4
Ethnic cleansing 2
Evacuation 65
Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 6
Exclusion clauses 12
Exhaustion of domestic remedies 1
Exiles 7
Expedited procedures 1
Expulsion 18
Extradition 7
Extrajudicial executions 175
Extreme poverty 13
False documents 6
Falun Gong 2
Family law 2
Family reunification 31
Female genital mutilation (FGM) 15
Flight by land, air or sea 35
Forced labour 32
Forced marriage 36
Forced relocation 9
Foreign occupation 77
Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 272
Freedom of assembly and association 262
Freedom of conscience 16
Freedom of expression 866
Freedom of information 625
Freedom of movement 108
Freedom of religion 131
Freedom of speech 367
Fulani 9
Gang related violence 5
Gender discrimination 69
Gender mainstreaming 2
Gender-based persecution 35
Generalized violence 11
Genocide 12
Global Consultations on international protection 1
Good governance 132
Good offices 4
Gross, systematic and large-scale 9
Group / Prima facie determination 2
HIV and AIDS 10
Habeas corpus 1
Habitual residence 1
Han 3
Harmful traditional practices 6
Hazara 1
Hindu 13
Hmong 1
Honour killings 25
Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 36
Human Rights Council 68
Human rights activists 286
Human rights and fundamental freedoms 280
Human rights courts 1
Human rights law 8
Human rights monitors 82
Humanitarian assistance 1,163
Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay) 3
Hungarians 1
IDP camps 31
Illegal entry 4
Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 12
Immigrants 8
Immigration Detention 32
Immigration control after entry 1
Immigration law 9
Impunity 90
Independence of judiciary 20
Indigenous persons 7
Integration 41
Internal armed conflict 951
Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 2
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 640
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CPED) 1
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 1
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1
International armed conflict 50
International courts and tribunals 43
International criminal law 16
International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 134
International protection 17
Involuntary repatriation 1
Iranians 1
Ismaili 10
Jehovah's Witness 17
Jew 16
Jurisdiction 3
Kachin 6
Kosovar 4
Kurd 345
Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 33
Law of the sea 1
Legal representation / Legal aid 13
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 101
Livelihoods 59
Location of camps 49
Mandate status 3
Maronite 10
Mass exodus 4
Maternal and child health care 24
Mennonite 5
Mental harm 1
Mental health 10
Mentally disadvantaged persons 4
Mercenaries 7
Migrant rights 12
Migrants 260
Military courts 19
Military law 3
Military operations 600
Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 78
Minorities 65
Minority rights 22
Mormon 5
Multiple nationality 8
Muslim 197
National security / Public order 12
Naturalization 3
Nepalis 1
Nomads 2
Non-refoulement 20
Non-state agents of persecution 72
Nuer 2
Older persons 10
One-child policy / Family planning 4
Opposition 426
Orthodox Christian 19
Ossetians (South) 1
Palestinian 277
Passports 26
Peace agreements 129
Peace process 226
Peacekeeping 190
Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 45
Persecution based on nationality 2
Persecution based on political opinion 197
Persecution of family members 5
Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 67
Persons not in need of international protection 2
Persons of concern to UNHCR 11
Persons with disabilities 55
Physical harm 1
Piracy 1
Police 118
Political groups 33
Political parties 157
Political situation 638
Polygamy 5
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1
Pre-entry procedures 1
Pre-trial detention 16
Prevention of discrimination 1
Prison or detention conditions 111
Prisoners of war 3
Proof of nationality 1
Property restitution 5
Prosecution vs persecution 3
Prostitution / Commercial sex work 14
Protection of camps 2
Protection of civilian persons in time of war 608
Protestant 7
Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 188
Public health 65
Racial / Ethnic persecution 26
Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 9
Re-entry 2
Readmission 1
Reception 61
Reconciliation 13
Referendum 34
Refoulement 19
Refugee / Asylum law 15
Refugee camps 250
Refugee identity documents 11
Refugee seamen 35
Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 14
Refugee travel documents / CTDs 4
Refugees 1,823
Regional instruments 10
Registration 55
Reintegration 5
Rejected asylum-seekers 21
Rejection at border 28
Religious discrimination 91
Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 104
Rescue at sea / Interception at sea 18
Resettlement 91
Residence permits / Residency 23
Return conditions 19
Returnees 37
Right to a nationality 12
Right to development 2
Right to education 136
Right to employment 29
Right to family life 13
Right to food 90
Right to health 84
Right to justice 32
Right to leave 8
Right to liberty and security 18
Right to life 13
Right to registration at birth 14
Right to return 4
Right to seek asylum 28
Right to self-determination 20
Rights of non-citizens 8
Rohingya (Arakanese) 16
Roma 10
Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 122
Sabean Mandean 2
Safe country of origin 16
Safe third country 9
Saharawis 1
Salafi 28
Sale of children 2
Sanctions 49
Secondary movement 26
Security forces 333
Security situation 1,071
Serb 1
Serious non-political crime 1
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) 160
Sexual and reproductive rights 9
Shabak 2
Shan 2
Sharia law 6
Shia 127
Sindhis 1
Single heads of household 1
Small arms 8
Smuggling of persons 26
Social group discrimination 22
Social group persecution 6
Somalis 2
Spontaneous return 1
State of emergency 48
State protection 21
Statelessness 65
Statelessness Determination Procedures 1
Sufi 4
Sunni 103
Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 19
Suspensive effect 1
Tajik 3
Tamil 13
Tatars 2
Temporary admission 1
Temporary protection 11
Terrorism 820
Threats / Intimidation 11
Tibetan 23
Tiv 2
Torture 95
Trafficking in persons 78
Transgression of social / cultural norms 3
Transit 7
Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) 14
Travel documents 5
Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 3
Tuareg 8
Turkmen 13
UNHCR mandate 4
Uighur 57
Unaccompanied / Separated children 45
Universal Periodic Review (UPR) 14
Unlawful departure 7
Urban refugees 21
Uzbek 1
Visas 49
Voluntary repatriation 25
War crimes 191
Well-founded fear of persecution 3
Widowed persons 3
Witchcraft 3
Women's rights 140
Women-at-risk 120
Work permits 13
Yazīdī 48

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AFFAIRE O.D. c. BULGARIE (Requête no 34016/18) The Court held that "- that O.D.’s removal to Syria would amount to a violation of Article 2 (right to life) and Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment) of the European Convention on Human Rights - that there had been a violation of Article 13 (right to an effective remedy), read in conjunction with Articles 2 and 3. The Court found, in particular, that in view of the overall situation in Syria and the individual risk faced by the applicant it could not be established that he could safely return to Syria. The Court also found that the applicant had not had access to an effective remedy, noting that his request for a stay of execution of the expulsion order had been rejected on the grounds that he posed a threat to national security, and that the proceedings relating to the application for refugee status or humanitarian status had not been aimed at reviewing the lawfulness of the expulsion order or its effects in relation to the complaints concerning the right to life and the right not to be subjected to ill-treatment. ..." 10 October 2019 \| Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights \| Document type: Case Law \| Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) \| Topic(s): Effective remedy - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Right to life \| Countries: Bulgaria - Syrian Arab Republic
AFFAIRE KAAK ET AUTRES c. GRÈCE (Requête no 34215/16) The case concerned the conditions of detention of Syrian, Afghan and Palestinian nationals in the “hotspots” of Vial and Souda (Greece), and the lawfulness of their detention in those camps. The Court considered that the authorities had done all that could reasonably be expected of them in the Vial camp to meet the obligation to provide care and protection to unaccompanied minors. The other applicants had been transferred immediately – or within ten days – from the Vial camp to the Souda camp. The Court also held that the conditions of detention in the Souda camp did not amount to inhuman or degrading treatment. The Court reiterated its previous finding that a period of one month’s detention in the Vial camp should not be considered excessive, given the time needed to comply with the relevant administrative formalities. In addition, the length of the applicants’ detention once they had expressed their wish to apply for asylum had been relatively short. In contrast, the applicants, who did not have legal assistance, had not been able to understand the content of the information brochure; in particular, they were unable to understand the material relating to the various appeal possibilities available under domestic law. 3 October 2019 \| Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights \| Document type: Case Law \| Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) \| Topic(s): Access to procedures - Arbitrary arrest and detention - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Legal representation / Legal aid - Right to liberty and security \| Countries: Afghanistan - Greece - Palestine, State of - Syrian Arab Republic
COI Note on the Treatment of Women with Children Born out of Wedlock in Syria 30 September 2019 \| Publisher: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \| Document type: Country Reports
Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness 2019 8 March 2019 \| Publisher: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) \| Document type: Thematic Reports
H.A. et autres c. Grece (application no. 19951/16) The case concerns the arrest of the applicants, nine unaccompanied minors, and their placement in different police stations in northern Greece and in the Diavata centre. The Court found violations of articles 3 on the prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment (no violation on living conditions), violation of article 13 on the right to an effective remedy and a violation of article 5 (1) and (4) on the right to liberty and security, right to a speedy decision on the lawfulness of a detention measure. 28 February 2019 \| Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights \| Document type: Case Law \| Topic(s): Effective remedy - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Prison or detention conditions - Right to liberty and security - Unaccompanied / Separated children \| Countries: Greece - Iraq - Morocco - Syrian Arab Republic
Two Syrian journalists killed in rebel-held town 23 November 2018 \| Publisher: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty \| Document type: Country News
Supreme Administrative Court decision of 2 November 2018 - KHO:2018:147 2 November 2018 \| Judicial Body: Finland: Supreme Administrative Court \| Document type: Case Law \| Topic(s): Armed forces / Military - Burden of proof - Exclusion clauses \| Countries: Finland - Syrian Arab Republic
UNRWA and Neutrality November 2018 \| Publisher: UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) \| Document type: Legal Articles/Analyses/Commentaries
Freedom on the Net 2018 - Syria 1 November 2018 \| Publisher: Freedom House \| Document type: Annual Reports
Kyrgyz man arrested for financially supporting terrorists in Syria 31 October 2018 \| Publisher: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty \| Document type: Country News

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