Last Updated: Thursday, 12 October 2017, 11:12 GMT

European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union

To ensure that the law is enforced, understood and uniformly applied in all Member States, a judicial institution is essential. That institution is the Court of Justice of the European Communities. It is composed of three courts: the Court of Justice (created in 1952), the Court of First Instance (created in 1988) and the Civil Service Tribunal (created in 2004). The Court of Justice of the European Communities, together with the national courts, thus constitutes the European Community’s judiciary. The Court’s main task is to interpret Community law uniformly and to rule on its validity. It answers questions referred to it by the national courts, which play a vital role, as they apply Community law at local level. The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities — together with the treaties, regulations, directives and decisions — make up Community law.  Website: curia.europa.eu/en/
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Case C-528/15 Al Chodor

15 March 2017 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Immigration Detention - Right to liberty and security - Transit | Countries: Czech Republic - Greece - Hungary - Iraq - Turkey

Conclusions de l'avocat Général M. Henrik Saugmandsgaard Øe: Policie ČR, Krajské ředitelství policie Ústeckého kraje, odbor cizinecké policie c Salah Al Chodor

10 November 2016 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Legal Instrument: 2013 Dublin III Regulation (EU) | Topic(s): Burden-sharing and international co-operation - Immigration Detention | Countries: Czech Republic - Iraq

MA, BT, DA v. Secretary of State for the Home Department

6 June 2013 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Access to procedures - Children's rights - Regional instruments - Safe third country - Unaccompanied / Separated children | Countries: Eritrea - Iraq - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

MA, BT, DA v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Opinion of Advocate General Cruz Villalón)

21 February 2013 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Countries: Eritrea - Iraq - Italy - Netherlands - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

MA, BT, DA v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Reference for a preliminary ruling from Court of Appeal (England & Wales) (Civil Division))

19 December 2011 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Countries: Eritrea - Iraq - Italy - Netherlands - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Salahadin Abdulla and Others v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland

2 March 2010 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Cessation clauses - Changes of circumstances in home country - Complementary forms of protection - EU Qualification Directive - Effective protection - Safe country of origin | Countries: Germany - Iraq

Elgafaji v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie

17 February 2009 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Complementary forms of protection - EU Qualification Directive - Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Internal armed conflict | Countries: Iraq - Netherlands

Elgafaji v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie: Opinion of Advocate General

9 September 2008 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Complementary forms of protection - EU Qualification Directive - Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Internal armed conflict | Countries: Iraq - Netherlands

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