Burden / standard of proof / Country of origin information (COI)

Admissibility decision.

2 December 2008 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Country of origin information (COI) - Deportation / Forcible return - Effective remedy - Immigration Detention - Non-refoulement - Refoulement - Safe third country - Single procedure | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Conditions for Christians in Iran have not deteriorated sufficiently to necessitate a change in the guidance in FS and Others (Iran - Christian Converts) Iran CG [2004] UKIAT 00303 Iran. For some converts to sacrament-based churches the conditions may be such that they could not reasonably be expected to return and their cases must be considered on HJ (Homosexuality: Reasonably Tolerating Living Discreetly) Iran [2008] UKAIT 00044 grounds.
It remains to be seen whether the proposed inclusion of apostasy in the amended criminal code will make a material difference. The amendments to the code are part of a wholesale change in the criminal law and not solely aimed at converts. The proposals are still before Parliament.
'Proselytising' and 'evangelising' are not terms of art and distinctions should not be drawn between them.
Insofar as related to non-ethnic Christians, this decision is replaced by the country guidance decision in PS (Christianity - risk) Iran CG [2020] UKUT 00046 (IAC).

12 November 2008 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Arbitrary arrest and detention - Catholic - Christian - Country of origin information (COI) - Criminal justice - Deportation / Forcible return - Evangelical - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

30 July 2008 | Judicial Body: Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Christian - Country of origin information (COI) - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) | Countries: Australia - Iran, Islamic Republic of

14 July 2008 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Christian - Country of origin information (COI) - Persecution based on political opinion - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - New Zealand

27 June 2008 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Appeal / Right to appeal - Christian - Country of origin information (COI) - Gender-based persecution - Non-state agents of persecution - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) - Witnesses | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - New Zealand

28 May 2008 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Arbitrary arrest and detention - Country of origin information (COI) - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Kurd - Passports - Persecution based on political opinion | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - New Zealand

Heard at Field House on 25 February 2008. Decision following remittal for reconsideration by the Court of Appeal: J v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2006] EWCA Civ 1238. The decision was further appealed before the Court of Appeal: HJ (Iran) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department; HT (Cameroon) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department [2009] EWCA Civ 172.

10 May 2008 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Country of origin information (COI) - Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) - Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) - Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity - Social group persecution | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

10 March 2008 | Judicial Body: Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Country of origin information (COI) - Death penalty - Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) - Sharia law - Social group persecution - Women-at-risk | Countries: Australia - Iran, Islamic Republic of

12 February 2008 | Judicial Body: United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland) | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Christian - Country of origin information (COI) - Persecution based on political opinion - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

UNHCR intervened in this case.

31 January 2008 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Arbitrary arrest and detention - Country of origin information (COI) - Credibility assessment - Effective remedy - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Persecution based on political opinion - Residence permits / Residency | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - Netherlands