Environment, Disasters and Climate Change

Bangladesh. Climate displaced people in Cox's Bazar.

Even 20 years ago Taplur Char in Kutubdiawas a fertile green land. Farmers used to grow paddy here. But now everything has changed as the land is now taken over by the sea. Now nothing can grow here other than salt.

Two young girls crossing a tiny bamboo bridge.

Climate change and the environment has a big impact on our work at UNHCR, as well as the lives of millions of forcibly uprooted people around the world.

Many of them rely on the environment for survival, particularly during emergencies – for food, shelter, energy, fire and warmth, medicine, agriculture, income-generation activities and more. Unsustainable use of natural resources can lead to environmental degradation, with lasting impacts on natural resources and on the well-being of the displaced and host communities. Additionally, competition over scarce natural resources, such as firewood, water and grazing land, can lead to friction.

Since the 1990s, we have become increasingly committed to protecting the environment and of the environmental challenges associated with hosting a large population in a small area. Over the course of the last two decades, we have set in place programmes and initiatives aimed at improving sustainable environmental management, aiming to reduce environmental degradation and enhance the resources available to the displaced, as well as host communities.

Disasters and climate change are a growing concern. Since 2009, an estimated one person every second has been displaced by a disaster, with an average of 22.5 million people displaced by climate or weather-related events since 2008 (GRID 2018). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the UN's science advisory board, projects an increase in the number of displaced over the course of this century. The majority of the people of concern to UNHCR are concentrated in the most vulnerable areas around the world. Climate change will force people into increasing poverty and displacement, exacerbating the factors that lead to conflict, rendering both the humanitarian needs and responses in such situations even more complex.

We are deeply concerned about the massive protection challenges raised by disasters and climate-related related displacement, and work with other agencies and a range of partners to protect those at risk.

In photos: Battling the elements in Chad

23 November 2005

Over 180,000 Sudanese refugees have fled violence in Darfur, crossing the border into the remote desert of eastern Chad.

It is one of the most inhospitable environments UNHCR has ever had to work in. Vast distances, extremely poor road conditions, scorching daytime temperatures, sandstorms, the scarcity of vegetation and firewood, and severe shortages of drinkable water have been major challenges since the beginning of the operation. Now, heavy seasonal rains are falling, cutting off the few usable roads, flooding areas where refugees had set up makeshift shelters, and delaying the delivery of relief supplies.

Despite the enormous environmental challenges, we have managed to establish nine camps and relocate the vast majority of the refugees who are willing to move from the volatile border.

More than 180,000 refugees have fled © UNHCR/H.Caux
A Sudanese refugee seeks shelter from a sandstorm near the Chadian border town of Tine. (February 7, 2004) © UNHCR/H.Caux
Many livestock brought by the refugees © UNHCR/B.Heger
Humanitarian agencies burn carcasses of donkeys, cows and goats that have died from exhaustion, dehydration and starvation, to prevent the decaying bodies from contaminating water supplies and increasing the risk of disease among the refugees. © UNHCR/H.Caux
Refugees carrying plastic jerry cans head out to the water tap in Touloum camp to collect water for their daily needs. UNHCR and its partners have struggled to find campsites with sufficient water supply for tens of thousands of refugees in the desert region. (March 19, 2004) © UNHCR/H.Caux
A refugee boy with untreated water collected from a local well in the border town of Bahai. UNHCR relocated refugees from the Bahai area to a camp at Oure Cassoni where safer, treated water is provided. (July 4, 2004) © UNHCR/H.Caux
Refugee children at Touloum camp wait for the water bladder to be filled. Every day, water is trucked to the camp to meet the needs of the refugees, while aid agencies continue to drill in search of new water sources at the camp itself. (April 24, 2004) © UNHCR/H.CAux
Heavy seasonal rains have started falling in eastern Chad, flooding normally parched riverbeds and cutting off roads, further complicating relief efforts. Flooding has added hours and even days to journeys by road between the refugee camps, the border, and UNHCR's office and warehouses in the region. (July 18, 2004) © UNHCR/H.Caux
A truck rented by UNHCR to transport aid supplies and relocate refugees from the border to the refugee camps attempts to rescue an NGO car stuck in the flooded river bed between Bahai and Tine. (July 18, 2004) © UNHCR/H.Caux
UNHCR and Red Cross workers continue by foot across the seasonal riverbed where a UNHCR vehicle got stuck. It took four hours for two cars and a truck to liberate the trapped vehicle. (July 16, 2004) © UNHCR/H.Caux
Seasonal rains flood the road between Farchana camp and the main eastern Chad town of Abéché. (June 2004) © UNHCR/D.Shrestha
A refugee family carrying their belongings out of the water after their makeshift shelter was flooded when the first heavy rains near Bahai swelled the seasonal riverbed. The flooded-out refugees were immediately transferred to a new camp that had just opened to receive them. (July 14, 2004) © UNHCR/H.Caux