European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union
To ensure that the law is enforced, understood and uniformly applied in all Member States, a judicial institution is essential.
That institution is the Court of Justice of the European Communities. It is composed of three courts: the Court of Justice (created in 1952), the Court of First Instance (created in 1988) and the Civil Service Tribunal (created in 2004).
The Court of Justice of the European Communities, together with the national courts, thus constitutes the European Communitys judiciary. The Courts main task is to interpret Community law uniformly and to rule on its validity. It answers questions referred to it by the national courts, which play a vital role, as they apply Community law at local level.
The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities together with the treaties, regulations, directives and decisions make up Community law. Website: curia.europa.eu/en/
- Case Law 21
- Country Reports 1
- Access to procedures 4
- Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations 1
- Acts of persecution 2
- Ahmadis 2
- Anti-terrorism law 1
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2
- Asylum policy 1
- Asylum-seekers 3
- Cessation clauses 1
- Changes of circumstances in home country 1
- Citizenship / Nationality law 1
- Complementary forms of protection 2
- Criminal justice 2
- Deportation / Forcible return 3
- EU Qualification Directive 3
- Effective protection 1
- Exclusion clauses 1
- Expulsion 1
- False documents 1
- Freedom of movement 1
- Freedom of religion 2
- Illegal entry 1
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 4
- Immigration Detention 3
- International criminal law 1
- Jurisdiction 1
- Kurd 1
- Laws relating to religion 1
- Legal representation / Legal aid 1
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 2
- Minorities 2
- National security / Public order 2
- Non-refoulement 1
- Prison or detention conditions 4
- Reception 1
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- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 1
- Refugees 1
- Regional instruments 4
- Religious discrimination 2
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 2
- Residence permits / Residency 2
- Right to justice 1
- Right to liberty and security 1
- Right to seek asylum 1
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 2
- Safe country of origin 1
- Safe third country 1
- Serious non-political crime 1
- Statelessness 1
- Terrorism 3
- Trafficking in persons 1
- Visas 1
- War crimes 2
- Withdrawal of nationality 1
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