In Focus

More than 75% of the world's known stateless populations belong to minority groups. Discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, race, religion or language is a recurrent cause of statelessness globally. This new report is based on consultations with four stateless, formerly stateless and at-risk minority groups in Kenya, Madagascar and The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

The availability and accessibility of relevant information in Spanish, in one central database has the potential to contribute to better quality asylum decisions in all countries where Spanish is used as a first language or is otherwise generally spoken and understood. Asylum-seekers who apply for international protection in Spanish-speaking countries are therefore the ultimate beneficiaries of this project.

The Guidelines provide substantive and procedural guidance for assessing claims to international protection related to situations of armed conflict and violence under the 1951 Convention/1967 Protocol, the 1969 OAU Convention and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration.

On 14 November 2016, UNHCR released an Update to the Position on Returns to Iraq.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's October 2014 UNHCR Position on Returns to Iraq.

On 11 October 2016, UNHCR released an Update of its International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing northeastern Nigeria (the states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa) and surrounding region.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's October 2014 International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing northeastern Nigeria (the states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa) and surrounding region – Update I.

On 27 July 2016, UNHCR released a new set of Eligibility Guidelines for assessing the international protection needs of asylum-seekers from Honduras.

These guidelines apply UNHCR's March 2010 UNHCR's Guidance Note on Refugee Claims Relating to Victims of Organized Gangs to the situation in Honduras.

On 20 May 2016, UNHCR released an Update to the Position on Returns to Southern and Central Somalia.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's June 2014 Position on Returns to Southern and Central Somalia.

On 19 April 2016, UNHCR released a new set of Eligibility Guidelines for assessing the international protection needs of asylum-seekers from Afghanistan. They replace the August 2013 Afghanistan Eligibility Guidelines.

As part of the Special Feature on RSD in Refworld, a dedicated page on Quality Assurance has been created.

This new page on quality assurance in Refugee Status Determination is a central resource for all publicly available quality assurance project reports that UNHCR has been involved in. It also contains some practical tools developed in the context of UNHCR quality assurance projects.

On 15 March 2016, UNHCR released a new set of Eligibility Guidelines for assessing the international protection needs of asylum-seekers from El Salvador.

On 27 November 2015, UNHCR released an Update to the International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing the Syrian Arab Republic (Update IV).

This paper supersedes UNHCR's October 2014 International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing the Syrian Arab Republic, Update III.

In October 2015, UNHCR released an Update to the Position on Returns to Libya.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's November 2014 Position on Returns to Libya.

On 24 September 2015, UNHCR released an Update to the International Protection Considerations related to developments in Ukraine.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's January 2015 International Protection Considerations Related to the Developments in Ukraine - Update II.

On 22 September 2015, UNHCR released a new set of Eligibility Guidelines for assessing the international protection needs of asylum-seekers from Colombia. They replace the May 2010 Colombia Eligibility Guidelines.

Observations on the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

On the 1st anniversary of the #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness, UNCHR launches a new report on the devastating impact of childhood statelessness, based on the testimonies of more than 200 stateless children and youth around the world.

These Guidelines set out the legal basis as well as procedural and evidentiary aspects of applying a prima facie approach

A concise and comprehensive thematic guide to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) that is of relevance to refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons.

Expert Roundtable on Credibility Assessment in Asylum Procedures in Budapest, Hungary on 14-15 January 2015, convened by UNHCR and organized with the Hungarian Helsinki Committee (HHC) as part of the "CREDO" projects.

On 14 April 2015, UNHCR released an Update to Position on Returns to South Sudan.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's February 2014 UNHCR Position on Returns to South Sudan.

On 9 April 2015, UNHCR released a Position on Returns to Yemen, in which it urges States not to forcibly return any civilians to Yemen until tangible improvements in the security and human rights situation have occurred.

On 27 January 2015, UNHCR released an Update to the International Protection Considerations related to developments in Ukraine.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's July 2014 International Protection Considerations related to developments in Ukraine - Update I.

On 12 November 2014, UNHCR released a Position on Returns to Libya, in which it urges States not to forcibly return persons originating from Libya until tangible improvements in the security and human rights situation have occurred.

On 27 October 2014, UNHCR released a Position on Returns to Iraq, in which it urges States not to forcibly return persons originating from Iraq until tangible improvements in the security and human rights situation have occurred.

On 27 October 2014, UNHCR released an Update of its International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing northeastern Nigeria (the states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa) and surrounding region.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's October 2013 International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing northeastern Nigeria (the states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa).

This paper assesses the current asylum system in Greece and notes developments in particular since the last publication of UNHCR's Observations on the current situation of asylum in Greece and the M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece judgment.

On 9 Septemebr 2014, UNHCR released an Update to the position on Returns to North Kivu, South Kivu and adjacent areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo affected by on-going conflict and violence in the region – Update I.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's November 2012 UNHCR position on returns to North Kivu, South Kivu and adjacent areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo affected by on-going conflict and violence in the region.

On 1 July 2014, UNHCR released an Update to the International Protection Considerations related to developments in Ukraine.

This paper supersedes UNHCR's March 2014 International Protection Considerations related to developments in Ukraine.

On 17 June, UNHCR released a position on returns to Southern and Central Somalia. UNHCR calls for a suspension of forcible returns to the country. The organization considers that for many Somalis from these areas, eligibility for international refugee protection under the 1951 Convention, and in the African Union, under the 1969 OAU Convention should be considered; many of them are likely to meet the criteria for refugee status under one or both of these Conventions.

This report by the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD), commissioned by UNHCR, provides Country of Origin Information (COI) pertaining to the security situation, political situation, human rights issues and the rule of law in the Darfur region of western Sudan. Topics covered include freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, actors involved in the conflict, political groups, ethnicity, women, LGBTI individuals, internally displaced persons and returnees. The report covers events up to 22 July 2014.

In July 2014 the Inter Parliamentary Union and UNHCR published the second edition of Nationality and Statelessness: Handbook for Parliamentarians. This important advocacy and learning tool has been updated to provide information on contemporary statelessness issues, developments in international law and doctrine, good practice examples, and possible solutions. It recommends actions that can be taken by parliamentarians, government officials, international and civil society organisations and others to address the challenges of statelessness.

The UNHCR Protection Considerations contain information about recent and current developments which impact the assessment of international protection needs for persons from Southern and Central Somalia falling within certain risk profiles or finding themselves in certain circumstances.

This document serves as an interim update of the Eligibility Guidelines for assessing the international protection needs of asylum-seekers from Somalia, issued on 5 May 2010.

This report by the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD), commissioned by UNHCR, provides Country of Origin Information (COI) pertaining to political developments, the security situation, human rights issues and the rule of law in China. Topics covered include freedom of expression, freedom of religion, political opposition groups, ethnicity, women, LGBTI individuals and children. The report covers events up to 14 March 2014.

On 5 March 2014, UNHCR released International Protection Considerations related to developments in Ukraine. The paper contains guidance relevant to the determination of international protection needs of people who have left or may leave Ukraine (Ukrainian nationals, habitual residents of Ukraine, or third country nationals).

On 11 January, UNHCR released a position on returns to South Sudan. UNHCR calls for a suspension of forcible returns to the country. The organization considers that many persons fleeing South Sudan are likely to meet the criteria for refugee status under the 1951 Refugee Convention, or would otherwise meet the refugee definition in Article 1(2) of the 1969 OAU Convention.

The Protection Manual is UNHCR's repository of protection policy and guidance. It is organized by theme (see table of contents on landing page) and updated whenever a new protection policy or guidance document is published. The Protection Manual can be relied upon to represent the latest UNHCR protection policy / guidance.

This paper assesses the prevailing reception conditions and asylum procedures in Bulgaria, including the situation for people transferred to Bulgaria under the Dublin Regulation. It identifies areas where the Bulgarian authorities are required to take urgent steps to effect improvements, in order to ensure respect for the rights of asylum-seekers and people in need of international protection.

On 29 October 2013, UNHCR released the International Protection Considerations with regard to people fleeing northeastern Nigeria (the states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa).

The availability and accessibility of relevant information in Russian, in one central database has the potential to contribute to better quality asylum decisions in all countries where Russian is used as a first language or is otherwise generally spoken and understood. Asylum-seekers who apply for international protection in Russian-speaking countries are therefore the ultimate beneficiaries of this project.

The Guidelines examine the position of individuals who seek international protection to avoid military service either by State armed forces or non-State armed groups.

This UNHCR paper covers key aspects of the asylum situation and refugee protection in Italy, including access to territory and non-refoulement, protection of unaccompanied or separated children, access to the asylum procedure, quality of the asylum procedure, reception conditions for asylum seekers, and local integration. This paper is an update of the UNHCR Recommendations on Important Aspects of Refugee Protection in Italy, July 2012

This report by the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD), commissioned by the UNHCR, provides Country of Origin Information (COI) pertaining to political developments, the security situation, human rights issues and the rule of law in Iran. Topics covered include freedom of expression, freedom of religion, political opposition groups, ethnicity, women, LGBTI individuals and children. The report covers events up to 30 August 2013.

On 6 August 2013, UNHCR released a new set of Eligibility Guidelines for assessing the international protection needs of asylum-seekers from Afghanistan. They replace the December 2010 Afghanistan Eligibility Guidelines.

This UNHCR paper provides an assessment of the Ukrainian asylum system, including access to procedures, quality of the asylum adjudication mechanisms, and treatment of unaccompanied children, as well as reception, accommodation and detention issues.

This annual survey published by Freedom House assesses global media freedom. The percentage of the world's population living in societies with a completely free press has reportedly fallen to its lowest level in over a decade. According to the report, the world's worst-rated countries are Belarus, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

To access the country specific reports, go to Freedom House, Freedom of the Press 2013

This country report by the Asylum Research Consultancy (ARC) was commissioned by the UNHCR. It provides country of origin information (COI) on Libya on topics such as main political developments, the security situation, human rights issues and the rule of law. The report is intended to be used as a tool to help identify relevant COI for use in refugee status determination procedures. The report covers COI up to 5 July 2013.

This report by the Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI), commissioned by the UNHCR, provides Country of Origin Information (COI) pertaining to human rights issues in the DRC. Topics covered include freedom of expression, freedom of religion, ethnicity, and women and children. The report covers events up to 10 April 2013.

The report on the security situation in DRC is available here:CORI Country Report Democratic Republic of Congo; Security Issues.

This UNHCR report provides a review of trends in 2012. An estimated 7.6 million people were newly displaced due to conflict or persecution, including 1.1 million new refugees - the highest number of new arrivals in one year since 1999. Another 6.5 million people were newly displaced within the borders of their countries - the second highest figure of the past ten years. Furthermore, some 35.8 million persons were of concern to UNHCR by the end of 2012, the second highest number on record.

This annual report by the US Department of State provides a global look at the nature and scope of trafficking in persons and the broad range of actions by respective governments to confront and eliminate it. The report places each country onto one of three tiers based on the extent of their governments' efforts to comply with the "minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking" as set forth in US Law.

To access the country specific reports, go to Trafficking in Persons Report 2013

This UNHCR report provides unique insights into EU state practices in the complex and challenging area of credibility assessment in asylum claims, based on research in EU Member States, guidance from states beyond the EU, training materials, over 200 court rulings and 70 academic publications. The checklists and flowcharts annexed to the report translate the legal and theoretical concepts into practical tools to assist decision-makers and support a fair assessment of credibility.