European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union
To ensure that the law is enforced, understood and uniformly applied in all Member States, a judicial institution is essential.
That institution is the Court of Justice of the European Communities. It is composed of three courts: the Court of Justice (created in 1952), the Court of First Instance (created in 1988) and the Civil Service Tribunal (created in 2004).
The Court of Justice of the European Communities, together with the national courts, thus constitutes the European Communitys judiciary. The Courts main task is to interpret Community law uniformly and to rule on its validity. It answers questions referred to it by the national courts, which play a vital role, as they apply Community law at local level.
The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities together with the treaties, regulations, directives and decisions make up Community law. Website: curia.europa.eu/en/
- Case Law 114
- Country Reports 1
- Afghanistan 5
- Algeria 2
- Armenia 2
- Austria 10
- Bangladesh 1
- Belgium 9
- Bulgaria 4
- China 1
- Colombia 1
- Cyprus 1
- Czech Republic 5
- Eritrea 3
- Finland 1
- France 11
- Gambia 1
- Germany 21
- Ghana 2
- Greece 4
- Hungary 6
- Iran, Islamic Republic of 6
- Iraq 7
- Ireland 9
- Italy 4
- Lebanon 1
- Luxembourg 1
- Mauritania 3
- Morocco 3
- Netherlands 17
- Nigeria 2
- Pakistan 4
- Palestine, State of 2
- Poland 2
- Portugal 1
- Russian Federation 1
- Rwanda 3
- Senegal 2
- Serbia 2
- Sierra Leone 2
- Slovenia 1
- Somalia 1
- Spain 3
- Sudan 1
- Sweden 6
- Syrian Arab Republic 3
- The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1
- Turkey 10
- Uganda 3
- Ukraine 1
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 9
- United States of America 2
- Viet Nam 2
- 1951 Refugee Convention 1
- Access to procedures 13
- Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations 1
- Acts of persecution 2
- Ahmadis 2
- Aliens 1
- Anti-terrorism law 1
- Appeal / Right to appeal 3
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2
- Asylum policy 3
- Asylum-seekers 10
- Burden-sharing and international co-operation 4
- Cessation clauses 1
- Changes of circumstances in home country 1
- Children's rights 5
- Citizenship / Nationality law 1
- Complementary forms of protection 10
- Confidentiality 1
- Credibility assessment 2
- Criminal justice 4
- Deportation / Forcible return 16
- Domestic violence 2
- EU Qualification Directive 15
- Effective protection 1
- Effective remedy 10
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 2
- Exclusion clauses 1
- Expedited procedures 4
- Expulsion 1
- False documents 3
- Family reunification 5
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 6
- Freedom of information 1
- Freedom of movement 4
- Freedom of religion 2
- Gender-based persecution 2
- Illegal entry 7
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 6
- Immigrants 1
- Immigration Detention 13
- Immigration law 1
- Internal armed conflict 5
- International armed conflict 2
- International criminal law 1
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 3
- International protection 2
- Iranians 1
- Jurisdiction 2
- Kurd 1
- Laws relating to religion 1
- Legal representation / Legal aid 1
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 6
- Migrants 2
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 2
- Minorities 2
- National security / Public order 5
- Non-refoulement 2
- Orderly return 2
- Palestinian 3
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 5
- Persons not in need of international protection 1
- Persons with disabilities 1
- Prison or detention conditions 4
- Prosecution vs persecution 2
- Reception 7
- Refoulement 1
- Refugee / Asylum law 2
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 6
- Refugees 4
- Regional instruments 31
- Rejected asylum-seekers 1
- Religious discrimination 2
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 2
- Residence permits / Residency 15
- Return conditions 1
- Right to family life 5
- Right to health 2
- Right to liberty and security 2
- Right to return 2
- Right to seek asylum 3
- Rights of non-citizens 3
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 21
- Safe country of origin 1
- Safe third country 13
- Serious non-political crime 1
- Single procedure 5
- Social group persecution 3
- Spontaneous return 2
- Statelessness 2
- Suspensive effect 2
- Terrorism 6
- Trafficking in persons 2
- Travel documents 2
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 2
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 4
- Visas 1
- War crimes 2
- Withdrawal of nationality 1
- Work permits 1
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