Case Law

8 March 2017 | Judicial Body: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | Topic(s): Convention against Torture (CAT) - Non-state agents of persecution - Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity - Social group persecution - State protection | Countries: Mexico - United States of America

2 March 2016 | Judicial Body: Australia: Administrative Appeals Tribunal | Topic(s): Abduction - Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity - Freedom of religion - Hazara - Non-state agents of persecution - Religious discrimination - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) - Shia - Social group discrimination - Social group persecution | Countries: Afghanistan - Australia

28 August 2015 | Judicial Body: Australia: Administrative Appeals Tribunal | Topic(s): 1951 Refugee Convention - Complementary forms of protection - Honour killings - Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) - Non-state agents of persecution - Sikh - Social group persecution - State protection | Countries: Australia - India

29 June 2015 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal | Topic(s): 1951 Refugee Convention - Convention against Torture (CAT) - Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity - Generalized violence - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) - Non-state agents of persecution - Physical harm - Roma - Threats / Intimidation - Well-founded fear of persecution | Countries: Czech Republic - New Zealand - Slovakia

25 June 2015 | Judicial Body: New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal | Topic(s): 1951 Refugee Convention - Acts of persecution - Convention against Torture (CAT) - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) - Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription - Non-state agents of persecution - Persecution based on political opinion - Well-founded fear of persecution | Countries: New Zealand - Ukraine

7 February 2014 | Judicial Body: United States Board of Immigration Appeals | Topic(s): Gang related violence - Non-state agents of persecution - Social group persecution | Countries: El Salvador - United States of America

7 February 2014 | Judicial Body: United States Board of Immigration Appeals | Topic(s): Gang related violence - Non-state agents of persecution - Social group persecution | Countries: Honduras - United States of America

23 January 2014 | Judicial Body: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit | Topic(s): Gang related violence - Non-state agents of persecution - Social group persecution | Countries: El Salvador - United States of America

6 August 2013 | Judicial Body: Australia: Federal Court | Topic(s): Gang related violence - Non-state agents of persecution - Right to family life | Countries: Australia - New Zealand

25 July 2013 | Judicial Body: Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal | Topic(s): Non-state agents of persecution - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) - Shia - Social group persecution - Women's rights | Countries: Australia - Pakistan