Last Updated: Tuesday, 23 May 2023, 12:44 GMT

European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union

To ensure that the law is enforced, understood and uniformly applied in all Member States, a judicial institution is essential. That institution is the Court of Justice of the European Communities. It is composed of three courts: the Court of Justice (created in 1952), the Court of First Instance (created in 1988) and the Civil Service Tribunal (created in 2004). The Court of Justice of the European Communities, together with the national courts, thus constitutes the European Community’s judiciary. The Court’s main task is to interpret Community law uniformly and to rule on its validity. It answers questions referred to it by the national courts, which play a vital role, as they apply Community law at local level. The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities — together with the treaties, regulations, directives and decisions — make up Community law.  Website: curia.europa.eu/en/
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M.A. v Valstybės sienos apsaugos tarnyba, Request for a preliminary ruling from the Lietuvos vyriausiasis administracinis teismas, Case C-72/22 PPU

The Court, ruling under the urgent preliminary ruling procedure, holds that the Procedures Directive (4) precludes legislation of a Member State under which, in the event of a declaration of a state of war or a state of emergency or in the event of a declaration of an emergency due to a mass influx of foreigners, illegally staying third-country nationals are, de facto, denied the opportunity of having access to the procedure for examining an application for international protection in the territory of that Member State. Furthermore, the Court holds that the Reception Directive (5) precludes legislation of a Member State under which, in the event of such a declaration, an applicant for asylum may be detained on the sole ground that he or she is staying in the territory of that Member State illegally.

30 June 2022 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Legal Instrument: 2013 Recast Asylum Procedures Directive (EU) | Topic(s): Immigration Detention - Reception - Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures - Right to liberty and security - State of emergency | Countries: Lithuania

Commission v Hungary (Accueil des demandeurs de protection internationale) C-808/18

Hungary has failed to fulfil its obligations: – in providing that applications for international protection from third-country nationals or stateless persons who, arriving from Serbia, wish to access, in its territory, the international protection procedure, may be made only in the transit zones of Röszke and Tompa, while adopting a consistent and generalised administrative practice drastically limiting the number of applicants authorised to enter those transit zones daily; – in establishing a system of systematic detention of applicants for international protection in the transit zones of Röszke and Tompa, without observing the guarantees provided for in Article 24(3) and Article 43 of Directive 2013/32 and Articles 8, 9 and 11 of Directive 2013/33; – in allowing the removal of all third-country nationals staying illegally in its territory, with the exception of those of them who are suspected of having committed a criminal offence, without observing the procedures and safeguards laid down in Article 5, Article 6(1), Article 12(1) and Article 13(1) of Directive 2008/115; – in making the exercise by applicants for international protection who fall within the scope of Article 46(5) of Directive 2013/32 of their right to remain in its territory subject to conditions contrary to EU law.

17 December 2020 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Topic(s): Access to procedures - Illegal entry - Immigration Detention | Countries: Hungary

K. v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie

14 September 2017 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Immigration Detention - Proof of nationality - Reception - Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures - Right to liberty and security | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - Netherlands

Mohammad Khir Amayry v Migrationsverket (Sweden)

13 September 2017 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Legal Instrument: 2013 Dublin III Regulation (EU) | Topic(s): Burden-sharing and international co-operation - Deportation / Forcible return - Immigration Detention - Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures | Countries: Sweden

Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston: K v. Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie

4 May 2017 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Legal Instrument: 2013 Recast Reception Conditions Directive (EU) | Topic(s): Illegal entry - Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants - Immigration Detention | Countries: Iran, Islamic Republic of - Netherlands

Case C-528/15 Al Chodor

15 March 2017 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Immigration Detention - Right to liberty and security - Transit | Countries: Czech Republic - Greece - Hungary - Iraq - Türkiye

Opinion of Advocate General Bot: Mohammad Khir Amayry v Migrationsverket (Sweden)

1 March 2017 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Topic(s): Burden-sharing and international co-operation - Deportation / Forcible return - Immigration Detention - Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures | Countries: Sweden

Conclusions de l'avocat Général M. Henrik Saugmandsgaard Øe: Policie ČR, Krajské ředitelství policie Ústeckého kraje, odbor cizinecké policie c Salah Al Chodor

10 November 2016 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Legal Instrument: 2013 Dublin III Regulation (EU) | Topic(s): Burden-sharing and international co-operation - Immigration Detention | Countries: Czech Republic - Iraq

Request for a preliminary ruling from the Eparkhiako Dikastirio Larnakas (Cyprus) lodged on 18 August 2014 — Astinomikos Diefthintis Larnakas v Masoud Mehrabipari

18 August 2014 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Topic(s): Criminal justice - Deportation / Forcible return - Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants - Immigration Detention | Countries: Cyprus - Iran, Islamic Republic of

Adala Bero v. Regierungspräsidium Kassel and Ettayebi Bouzalmate v. Kreisverwaltung Kleve

17 July 2014 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Topic(s): Deportation / Forcible return - Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants - Immigration Detention - Prison or detention conditions | Countries: Germany - Morocco - Syrian Arab Republic

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