Last Updated: Friday, 30 June 2017, 16:00 GMT

European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union

To ensure that the law is enforced, understood and uniformly applied in all Member States, a judicial institution is essential. That institution is the Court of Justice of the European Communities. It is composed of three courts: the Court of Justice (created in 1952), the Court of First Instance (created in 1988) and the Civil Service Tribunal (created in 2004). The Court of Justice of the European Communities, together with the national courts, thus constitutes the European Community’s judiciary. The Court’s main task is to interpret Community law uniformly and to rule on its validity. It answers questions referred to it by the national courts, which play a vital role, as they apply Community law at local level. The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities — together with the treaties, regulations, directives and decisions — make up Community law.  Website: curia.europa.eu/en/
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HID, BA v. Refugee Applications Commissioner, Refugee Appeals Tribunal, Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Ireland, Attorney General (Reference for a preliminary ruling from the High Court (Ireland)): Opinion of Advocate General Bot

6 September 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Appeal / Right to appeal - Effective remedy - Expedited procedures - Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness | Countries: Ireland

Bundesrepublik Deutschland v. Y (C-71/11), Z (C-99/11)

5 September 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Ahmadis - Freedom of religion - Minorities - Religious discrimination - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) | Countries: Germany - Pakistan

Secretary of State for the Home Department v. Muhammad Sazzadur Rahman, Fazly Rabby Islam & Mohibullah Rahman

5 September 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Family reunification

Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Asylgerichtshofs (Austria): Opinion of Advocate General Trstenjak

27 June 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Regional instruments - Safe third country | Countries: Austria - Poland

Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d'État (Belgium) lodged on 7 June 2012 - Aboubacar Diakite v Commissaire général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides

7 June 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): EU Qualification Directive - Internal armed conflict - International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions | Countries: Belgium

Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, delivered on 15 May 2012, CIMADE et Groupe d'information et de soutien des immigrés (GISTI) v. Ministre de l'intérieur, de l'outre-mer, des collectivités territoriales et de l'immigration

15 May 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Asylum-seekers - Reception - Regional instruments - Safe third country - Single procedure | Countries: France

Migrationsverket v. Nurije Kastrati, Valdrina Kastrati, Valdrin Kastrati

3 May 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Access to procedures - Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness | Countries:

Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 27 April 2012 - Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X

27 April 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): EU Qualification Directive - Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) - Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity - Social group persecution | Countries: Netherlands

M. M. v. Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Ireland, Attorney General (Opinion of Advocat General)

26 April 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Complementary forms of protection - Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness | Countries: Ireland

Federal Republic of Germany v. Y and Z (Opinion of Advocat General)

19 April 2012 | Judicial Body: European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union | Document type: Case Law | Topic(s): Ahmadis - Freedom of religion - Laws relating to religion - Minorities - Religious discrimination - Religious persecution (including forced conversion) | Countries: Germany - Pakistan

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