European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union
To ensure that the law is enforced, understood and uniformly applied in all Member States, a judicial institution is essential.
That institution is the Court of Justice of the European Communities. It is composed of three courts: the Court of Justice (created in 1952), the Court of First Instance (created in 1988) and the Civil Service Tribunal (created in 2004).
The Court of Justice of the European Communities, together with the national courts, thus constitutes the European Communitys judiciary. The Courts main task is to interpret Community law uniformly and to rule on its validity. It answers questions referred to it by the national courts, which play a vital role, as they apply Community law at local level.
The judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Communities together with the treaties, regulations, directives and decisions make up Community law. Website: curia.europa.eu/en/
- Annual Reports 1
- Case Law 33
- Access to procedures 2
- Asylum-seekers 1
- Burden-sharing and international co-operation 1
- Children's rights 2
- Complementary forms of protection 3
- Confidentiality 1
- Country of origin information (COI) 1
- Credibility assessment 3
- Deportation / Forcible return 2
- Domestic violence 2
- EU Qualification Directive 6
- Effective remedy 2
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 4
- Exclusion clauses 1
- False documents 2
- Family reunification 12
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 2
- Freedom of movement 2
- Fresh / New claim 1
- Gender-based persecution 2
- Illegal entry 2
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 2
- Immigration Detention 2
- Internal armed conflict 2
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 6
- Migrant rights 2
- National security / Public order 4
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 5
- Proof of nationality 1
- Prosecution vs persecution 2
- Reception 2
- Refugee / Asylum law 1
- Refugee identity documents 1
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 3
- Refugees 1
- Regional instruments 4
- Rejected asylum-seekers 1
- Residence permits / Residency 3
- Right to family life 6
- Right to liberty and security 2
- Right to return 2
- Rights of non-citizens 2
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 1
- Social group persecution 3
- Spontaneous return 2
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 5
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