How to make everyone hate you on email

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Stop before you copy your boss into that email.

It's not going to make you look good - it's going to make everyone else in the office distrust you.

That's the finding of research into the pernicious "cc effect", carried out by a professor of management studies at Cambridge University's Judge Business School.

David De Cremer has looked into the emotional undergrowth of office email traffic.

When people keep copying in a manager, it doesn't create "transparency", says Prof De Cremer, but feeds a "culture of fear".

But what about the other unspoken evils of office email clogging up your inbox?

• "I am here, really": This is where email is used to tell colleagues near and far that you're actually at work. A random sharing of a document could do the trick, with a few words of insightful comment that show you're really on the case. There's also the "midnight express" version, sending round an email when everyone else with any sense is in the pub or their pyjamas.

• Ego-mail: Just as there are people who interpret the word "meeting" as an invitation to share a few recent career highlights, there are colleagues who see email as purpose-made for shameless self-promotion. These can be managers on the make, as well as underlings with naked, attention-seeking ambitions. But it's so obvious that, er, everyone starts emailing about it.

• BCC: This is the WMD of email, invisible but potentially massively destructive. And if anyone finds out you're using these underhand tactics, it will be self-destructive too.

• To X or not to X? How do you sign off an email? These are the questions that feed our online anxiety. If someone sends a work email with a big X at the end do you send one back? And if you don't, does it make you look rude and uptight? There are also people who sign off just with a single initial, like the monogram of an electronic monarch. According to Prof De Cremer, the type of sign-off most likely to get a response is, "With thanks in advance". Polite but expectant.

• Taking the credit: Watch out for the email that's really a land-grab of everyone else's work. They'll be written in management-speak more slippery than eels in engine oil. Or else there is the passive-aggressive dig at someone else's difficulty. So sorry.

• That thing they saw on Facebook: They thought it was hilarious and had to email everyone in their address book. You're thinking this is cringemakingly dull. And they keep sending more. But what do you say? Is there such a thing as anti-social networking? Employ the wordless shrug of a single character: "!"

• Short measures: Email at work is part of a hierarchy, with distribution lists like small maps of power, and there is a theory that the length of emails is related to the power relationship between the senders. The minion sends in a long essay and the boss writes back in a handful of terse words. So keep it short to keep ahead.

• The disaster that still makes you wince years later: There's no escaping it. It happens as though Fate has its own irresistible send button. You've just sent an email about the person you're slagging off to the person you're slagging off. This overshadows all other minor indiscretions such as sending to Reply All and telling the entire building about why you can't go to a leaving party. And it's even worse than failed sincerity, such as an email I had recently: "Dear [blank], Hope all is well with you at [blank]." It makes you feel so special.

• The baffling non-responder. This is the shark in the water of email. You've sent something pretty direct and then you wait. Maybe they missed it, so you come up with another excuse to re-send. And nothing. What does it mean? Are they really there? The mid-conversation non-responders are even weirder. They ask you a question, you reply to open up the exchange and then total radio silence. Hello?

• Thanks, not sorry, is the hardest word. How do you respond to a congratulatory email from a boss? You get an electronic pat on the back and are feeling a warm glow of appreciation. But then it strikes. What do you say back? Is it a gruff "thanks" of muted recognition. Or a launchpad for that other brilliant idea you've been nurturing? But would that look too needy? And now the spontaneity of the moment has passed. They might not even see the reply now... And that's when you accidentally send a blank reply. You've snatched defeat from the jaws of victory. Another person to avoid in the corridor.

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