United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority
The Asylum and Immigration Tribunal (AIT) forms part of the Tribunals Service, an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice. The implementation of AIT in 2005, superseded the former Immigration Appellent Authority (IAA). The AIT hears and decides appeals against decisions made by the Home Office in matters of asylum, immigration and nationality. The Asylum and Immigration Tribunal was abolished by Article 2 of the Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010, and its functions were transferred to the First-tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber (UTIAC), created under Part 1 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, effective 15 February 2010. Website: www.ait.gov.uk/
(1)The correct test was not whether a State had taken all reasonable steps to protect its citizens against persecution having regard to its means and resources and to the circumstances in the State at the particular time, but was whether, viewed objectively, the domestic protection offered by or available from the State to the appellant was or was not reasonably likely to prevent persecution, or alternatively, whether the State was able to provide effective protection against persecution.
(2)Although persecution is normally related to action by the authorities it may also emanate from 'sections of the population' or 'local populace' that do not respect the standards established by the laws of the country concerned.