United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The Court held that once the authorities had become aware of a credible suspicion that an individual had been trafficked, he or she should be assessed by a qualified person. Any decision to prosecute should follow such an assessment, and while the decision would not necessarily be binding on a prosecutor, the prosecutor would need to have clear reasons for reaching a different conclusion. In the case of both V.C.L. and A.N., the Court found that despite the existence of credible suspicion that they had been trafficked, neither the police nor the prosecution service had referred them to a competent authority for assessment; although both cases were subsequently reviewed by the prosecution service, it disagreed with the conclusion of the competent authority without giving clear reasons capable of undermining the competent authority’s conclusions; and the Court of Appeal limited itself to addressing whether the decision to prosecute had been an abuse of process. The Court therefore found that there had been a violation of Article 4 in both applicants’ cases. The Court found that, although the authorities had made some accommodations to the applicants after their guilty verdicts, the lack of any assessment of whether the applicants had been victims of trafficking may have prevented them from securing important evidence capable of helping their defence. As such the proceedings had not been fair, leading to a violation of Article 6 § 1.

16 February 2021 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking - Trafficking in persons | Countries: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Viet Nam

violation of article 3 (prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment).

28 February 2019 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Refugee camps - Unaccompanied / Separated children | Countries: Afghanistan - France - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

22 June 2017 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Immigration Detention - Mental health - Right to liberty and security | Countries: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Zimbabwe

2 March 2017 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Deportation / Forcible return - Refugee / Asylum law - Rejected asylum-seekers | Countries: Somalia - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

31 March 2016 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Decision on admissibility - Family reunification - Right to family life | Countries: Somalia - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

17 September 2013 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Legal Instrument: 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) | Topic(s): Decision on admissibility - Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Right to family life | Countries: Uganda - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

9 April 2013 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Expulsion - Immigration Detention | Countries: Somalia - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

9 April 2013 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) - Regional instruments | Countries: Afghanistan - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

29 January 2013 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment - Non-refoulement - Persons with disabilities - Regional instruments | Countries: Afghanistan - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

13 November 2012 | Judicial Body: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights | Topic(s): Contemporary forms of slavery - Forced labour | Countries: Uganda - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland