Refworld Case Law Collection Survey
China
- Country Information 7,946
- Legal Information 647
- Policy Documents 3
- Reference Documents 39
- Amnesty International 348
- Article 19 22
- Asylum Aid 17
- Australia: Federal Court 51
- Australia: Federal Magistrates Court 58
- Australia: High Court 6
- Australia: Immigration Review Tribunal 2
- Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal 470
- Austria: Constitutional Court of Austria (Verfassungsgerichtshof) 1
- Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) 3
- Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement 5
- Canada: Federal Court 40
- Canada: Federal Court of Appeal 9
- Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1,421
- Canada: Supreme Court 2
- Center for Gender & Refugee Studies 1
- Child Soldiers International 4
- Committee to Protect Journalists 228
- Costa Rica: Corte Suprema de Justicia 2
- Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights 3
- Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly 1
- Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI) 5
- EurasiaNet 25
- European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union 1
- Forum 18 42
- France: Commission des Recours des Réfugiés (CRR) 2
- France: Conseil d'Etat 1
- France: Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides (OFPRA) 1
- Freedom House 116
- Geospatial Information Section 2
- Germany: Bundesamt für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge 1
- Germany: Federal Office for Migration and Asylum 162
- HelpAge International 3
- Hong Kong: Court of Final Appeal 1
- Hong Kong: High Court 14
- Hong Kong: Supreme Court 1
- Human Rights Watch 278
- Institute for War and Peace Reporting 1
- Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) 11
- International Bar Association: Human Rights Institute 1
- International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) 3
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 4
- International Crisis Group (ICG) 18
- International Federation for Human Rights 51
- International Trade Union Confederation 23
- Ireland: High Court 3
- Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre 14
- Jamestown Foundation 254
- Japan: High Courts 1
- Liberty 1
- Minorities at Risk Project 11
- Minority Rights Group International 23
- Myanmar: Supreme Court 1
- National Legislative Bodies / National Authorities 49
- Netherlands, The: Council of State (Raad van State) 1
- New Zealand: Court of Appeal 3
- New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal 8
- New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority 43
- Norwegian Refugee Council/Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (NRC/IDMC) 5
- Open Society Foundations (OSF) 3
- Radio Free Asia 3,578
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 192
- REDRESS 1
- Refugee Studies Centre 2
- Refugees International 3
- Reporters Without Borders 341
- Russian Federation: City Courts 1
- Save the Children 2
- Slovakia: Regional Court in Bratislava 1
- South Africa: High Court 1
- Spain: Tribunal Constitucional 1
- Swiss Refugee Council 13
- Switzerland: State Secretariat for Migration (SEM) 1
- Switzerland: Tribunal administratif fédéral 1
- UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1
- UN Commission on Human Rights 11
- UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) 11
- UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) 5
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 6
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 6
- UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) 5
- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 13
- UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 1
- UN Development Programme (UNDP) 2
- UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) 1
- UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 1
- UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 1
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 25
- UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) 10
- UN Human Rights Council 26
- UN News Service 40
- UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 2
- UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) 1
- UN Security Council 7
- United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority 16
- United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) 5
- United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland) 1
- United Kingdom: Foreign and Commonwealth Office 20
- United Kingdom: High Court (England and Wales) 9
- United Kingdom: High Court (Northern Ireland) 1
- United Kingdom: Home Office 43
- United Kingdom: House of Lords (Judicial Committee) 1
- United Kingdom: Parliament, House of Commons Library 1
- United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) 4
- United Nations International Human Rights Instruments 3
- United States Attorney-General 1
- United States Board of Immigration Appeals 15
- United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services 20
- United States Commission on International Religious Freedom 16
- United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 20
- United States Congressional Research Service 21
- United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 1
- United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit 2
- United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 4
- United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 7
- United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 2
- United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 3
- United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 14
- United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 12
- United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 6
- United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 3
- United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 10
- United States Department of State 157
- United States Library of Congress 2
- United States Supreme Court 4
- World Organisation Against Torture 13
- WRITENET 4
- Annual Protection Reports 1
- Annual Reports 572
- Case Law 593
- Chronologies of Events 6
- Commentaries 2
- Comments on Concluding Observations 3
- Compilations 2
- Concluding Observations 12
- Conference Reports 1
- Country Briefing Folders 2
- Country News 5,227
- Country Operations Plans 6
- Country Profiles 10
- Country Reports 339
- Country/Situation Specific Position Papers 6
- Court Interventions / Amicus Curiae 2
- Legal Articles/Analyses/Commentaries 2
- Maps 9
- Memoranda 2
- Mission Reports 5
- Multilateral Treaties/Agreements 1
- National Decrees, Circulars, Regulation, Policy Documents 18
- National Legislation 31
- Policy/Position Papers 2
- Query Responses 1,698
- Regional Reports 4
- Research, Background and Discussion Papers 2
- Resolutions/Recommendations/Declarations 1
- Sessional Reports 7
- Speeches/Statements 7
- States Parties Reports 33
- Thematic Reports 29
- 1951 Refugee Convention 2
- Abduction 53
- Aborigine 1
- Abuse of psychiatry 32
- Access to procedures 12
- Access to water 25
- Acts of persecution 5
- Administrative courts 5
- Administrative law 3
- Adoption 5
- Agents of persecution 2
- Ahmadis 5
- Airports 38
- Albanians 4
- Albinism/Persons with Albinism 3
- Aliens 4
- Amazonian Indians 1
- Anglican 12
- Animist 4
- Anti-terrorism law 22
- Appeal / Right to appeal 17
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 478
- Armed attacks on camps 7
- Armed forces / Military 180
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 130
- Arrival 1
- Assyrians 2
- Asylum policy 7
- Asylum-migration nexus 1
- Asylum-seekers 67
- Baha'i 14
- Bail 3
- Baptist 20
- Barabaig 1
- Batwa 1
- Bedoon 1
- Benefit of the doubt 1
- Border conflict 53
- Border controls 22
- Border crossers 23
- Buddhist 115
- Burden of proof 8
- Catholic 123
- Ceasefire 53
- Cessation clauses 1
- Changes of circumstances in home country 3
- Chechen 4
- Child labour 26
- Child prostitution 19
- Child soldiers 10
- Children's rights 106
- Children-at-risk 89
- Chin 2
- Chinese 20
- Christian 321
- Citizenship / Nationality law 7
- Civil and political rights 56
- Civil rights legislation 2
- Civil war 13
- Civilian character of asylum 1
- Climate change (including environmental migrants) 2
- Combatants / Former combatants 7
- Communal conflict / Social conflict 87
- Complementary forms of protection 7
- Confidentiality 1
- Conflict prevention 1
- Conflict resolution 11
- Conflict situation 10
- Confucianist 16
- Congregationalist 1
- Constitutional law 6
- Contemporary forms of slavery 8
- Convention against Torture (CAT) 34
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 2
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) 2
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 14
- Convention refugee 1
- Copts 1
- Corruption 219
- Country of origin information (COI) 111
- Coup d'état 12
- Credibility assessment 126
- Crime prevention 1
- Crimean Tatars 4
- Crimes against humanity 6
- Criminal justice 275
- Cumulative grounds of persecution 1
- Dalit 1
- Death in custody 62
- Death penalty 194
- Death squads 1
- Decision on admissibility 1
- Demobilization / Disarmament 10
- Democracy 113
- Denial of nationality 2
- Denial of refugee status 16
- Deportation / Forcible return 167
- Derivative status 3
- Diplomatic assurances 3
- Disappeared persons 130
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 125
- Domestic violence 35
- Drug trafficking 12
- EU Qualification Directive 1
- Economic, social and cultural rights 78
- Effective protection 10
- Effective remedy 20
- Election law 2
- Elections 179
- Embargo 1
- Emigrants 18
- Entry / Exit 23
- Entry into force 1
- Episcopalian 3
- Equality before the law 6
- Ethiopians 2
- Evacuation 3
- Evangelical 11
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 61
- Exclusion clauses 14
- Exhaustion of domestic remedies 2
- Exiles 33
- Expedited procedures 1
- Expulsion 16
- Extradition 15
- Extrajudicial executions 69
- Extreme poverty 4
- False documents 16
- Falun Gong 268
- Family law 10
- Family reunification 2
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) 9
- Filipinos 1
- Flight by land, air or sea 5
- Forced labour 133
- Forced marriage 22
- Forced relocation 2
- Forced sterilization / Abortion 43
- Foreign occupation 10
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 276
- Freedom of assembly and association 315
- Freedom of conscience 38
- Freedom of expression 1,287
- Freedom of information 938
- Freedom of movement 159
- Freedom of religion 475
- Freedom of speech 472
- Fresh / New claim 2
- Fulani 3
- Gang related violence 5
- Gender discrimination 62
- Gender mainstreaming 1
- Gender-based persecution 12
- Generalized violence 5
- Genocide 7
- Good governance 37
- Gross, systematic and large-scale 3
- Grounds for persecution 14
- Group / Prima facie determination 2
- HIV and AIDS 52
- Habeas corpus 3
- Habitual residence 2
- Hadza 1
- Han 25
- Harmful traditional practices 2
- Hijacking 5
- Himba 1
- Hindu 17
- Hmong 5
- Honour killings 7
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 245
- Huang Jiao 1
- Hui 13
- Human Rights Council 12
- Human rights activists 757
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 271
- Human rights law 3
- Human rights monitors 45
- Humanitarian assistance 33
- IDP camps 1
- Illegal entry 8
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 23
- Illegitimate children 9
- Immigrants 13
- Immigration Detention 41
- Immigration control after entry 1
- Immigration law 11
- Immunity 1
- Impunity 21
- Independence of judiciary 46
- Indigenous persons 10
- Internal armed conflict 85
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 25
- Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 33
- International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 2
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 18
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 8
- International armed conflict 13
- International courts and tribunals 16
- International criminal law 6
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 5
- International protection 7
- Inuit 1
- Involuntary repatriation 15
- Japanese 2
- Jehovah's Witness 9
- Jew 11
- Jurisdiction 5
- Kachin 16
- Karen 5
- Kazakhs 4
- Koreans 27
- Kurd 35
- Labour law 9
- Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 7
- Law of the sea 1
- Laws relating to religion 16
- Legal representation / Legal aid 23
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 84
- Lhotshampas 3
- Livelihoods 3
- Lutheran 16
- Maasai 1
- Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 7
- Mass exodus 2
- Maternal and child health care 27
- Medical screening 1
- Mental health 30
- Mentally disadvantaged persons 12
- Methodist 14
- Migrant rights 22
- Migrants 101
- Military courts 2
- Military law 1
- Military operations 74
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 34
- Minorities 202
- Minority rights 20
- Mon 1
- Mongols 72
- Montagnards 2
- Mormon 16
- Multiple nationality 6
- Muslim 185
- National security / Public order 48
- Naturalization 7
- Nepalis 1
- New Life Church 1
- Nomads 12
- Non-refoulement 18
- Non-self-governing territories 2
- Non-state agents of persecution 14
- Older persons 8
- One-child policy / Family planning 114
- Opposition 83
- Orang Asli 1
- Orthodox Christian 16
- Palestinian 31
- Passports 57
- Pastoralists 3
- Peace agreements 40
- Peace process 25
- Peacekeeping 26
- Pentecostal 15
- Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 14
- Persecution based on nationality 6
- Persecution based on political opinion 308
- Persecution of family members 111
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 56
- Persons not in need of international protection 5
- Persons of concern to UNHCR 1
- Persons with disabilities 55
- Piracy 3
- Police 203
- Political asylum 11
- Political groups 43
- Political parties 115
- Political situation 255
- Polygamy 3
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 3
- Pre-trial detention 31
- Presbyterian 11
- Prevention of discrimination 3
- Prison or detention conditions 131
- Prisoners of war 1
- Proof of nationality 2
- Property restitution 1
- Prosecution vs persecution 23
- Prostitution / Commercial sex work 40
- Protection of civilian persons in time of war 23
- Protestant 91
- Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 507
- Public health 75
- Quan Yin 2
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 56
- Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 2
- Re-entry 2
- Reception 2
- Reconciliation 4
- Referendum 19
- Refoulement 13
- Refugee / Asylum law 5
- Refugee camps 20
- Refugee identity documents 8
- Refugee seamen 5
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 11
- Refugee travel documents / CTDs 8
- Refugees 164
- Refugees sur place 4
- Regional instruments 1
- Registration 4
- Reintegration 1
- Rejected asylum-seekers 22
- Rejection at border 2
- Religious discrimination 193
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 437
- Rescue at sea / Interception at sea 4
- Resettlement 12
- Residence permits / Residency 64
- Return conditions 11
- Returnees 18
- Right to a nationality 16
- Right to development 1
- Right to education 78
- Right to employment 88
- Right to family life 15
- Right to food 11
- Right to health 22
- Right to justice 24
- Right to leave 8
- Right to liberty and security 9
- Right to life 4
- Right to registration at birth 7
- Right to return 8
- Right to seek asylum 10
- Right to self-determination 27
- Rights of non-citizens 6
- Rohingya (Arakanese) 7
- Roma 7
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 152
- SGBV 93
- Safe country of origin 9
- Safe third country 7
- Salafi 6
- Sale of children 1
- Sami 1
- San Bushmen 1
- Sanctions 16
- Scientologist 3
- Secondary movement 3
- Security forces 108
- Security situation 258
- Serb 2
- Serious non-political crime 12
- Seventh Day Adventist 14
- Sexual and reproductive rights 75
- Shabak 2
- Shamanism 1
- Shan 8
- Sharia law 1
- Shia 41
- Sikh 8
- Sindhis 1
- Single heads of household 5
- Single procedure 1
- Small arms 2
- Smuggling of persons 22
- Social group discrimination 54
- Social group persecution 77
- Somalis 2
- Standard of proof 5
- State of emergency 11
- State protection 29
- Statelessness 16
- Statelessness Determination Procedures 1
- Sunni 27
- Sur place persecution 19
- Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 11
- Suspensive effect 1
- Tamil 8
- Taoist 29
- Tatars 4
- Temporary protection 1
- Terrorism 242
- Threats / Intimidation 26
- Tibetan 1,091
- Tien Do 1
- Torture 93
- Trafficking in persons 133
- Transit 1
- Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) 2
- Travel documents 17
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 1
- Tuareg 1
- Turkmen 8
- Uighur 820
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 15
- Unification Church 1
- Universal Periodic Review (UPR) 19
- Unlawful departure 20
- Urban refugees 4
- Uzbek 2
- Visas 74
- Voluntary repatriation 8
- War crimes 21
- Well-founded fear of persecution 30
- Witchcraft 1
- Withdrawal of nationality 1
- Witnesses 25
- Women's rights 156
- Women-at-risk 60
- Work permits 14
- Yazīdī 10
- Zomi (Chin) 1
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- Amnesty International - China
- Amnesty International - Hong Kong
- Amnesty International - Macao
- Asia Times Online - China News
- Australia Tibet Council
- BBC Chinese
- Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
- China Human Rights
- Clear Harmony - Falun Dafa in Europe
- Dui Hua Foundation
- Falun Dafa Information Center
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - China
- Human Rights Watch (HRW) - China and Tibet
- Human Rights in China (HRIC)
- International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC regional delegation in Beijing
- International Crisis Group (ICG) - China
- International Crisis Group (ICG) - Taiwan Strait
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) - China
- Observe China - China Information Center
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) - China
- Phayul.com - News & views on Tibet
- Radio Free Asia (RFA) - China
- Radio Free Asia (RFA) - Tibet
- Radio Free Asia (RFA) - Uyghur
- ReliefWeb - China
- ReliefWeb - China - Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region)
- ReliefWeb - China - Macau (Special Administrative Region)
- South China Morning Post
- The Epoch Times
- TibetInfoNet
- Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
- Time Magazine - Asia Edition
- UNHCR - China
- UNHCR - Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China)
- UNHCR - Macau (Special Administrative Region of China)
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - China
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP)
- United States Department of State - China
- United States Department of State: Congressional Research Service Reports (CRS) and Issue Briefs
- Uyghur Human Rights Project (UHRP)
- World Health Organization (WHO) - China
- Xinhua News Agency
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