Refworld Case Law Collection Survey
Concluding Observations
Following the review of a state party report, the treaty body in question issues a set of concluding observations or 'recommendations', containing its collective assessment of the State's record and recommendations for enhanced implementation of the rights in question.
- African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 2
- African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC) 4
- Amnesty International 1
- Council of Europe 1
- Council of Europe: European Committee of Social Rights 1
- UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) 134
- UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) 238
- UN Committee on Enforced Disappearances (CED) 5
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 136
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 278
- UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (CMW) 19
- UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) 16
- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 478
- UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 4
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 8
- UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) 240
- UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) 1
- Afghanistan 3
- Albania 8
- Algeria 12
- Andorra 1
- Angola 3
- Antigua and Barbuda 3
- Argentina 16
- Armenia 7
- Aruba 1
- Australia 13
- Austria 16
- Azerbaijan 15
- Bahamas 3
- Bahrain 6
- Bangladesh 6
- Barbados 4
- Belarus 12
- Belgium 14
- Belize 3
- Benin 5
- Bhutan 2
- Bolivia 13
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 11
- Botswana 3
- Brazil 11
- Brunei Darussalam 1
- Bulgaria 11
- Burkina Faso 6
- Burundi 8
- Cambodia 11
- Cameroon 9
- Canada 12
- Cape Verde 2
- Central African Republic 2
- Chad 7
- Chile 14
- China 12
- Colombia 19
- Comoros 1
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the 7
- Congo, Republic of the 6
- Cook Islands 1
- Costa Rica 14
- Croatia 11
- Cuba 4
- Cyprus 6
- Czech Republic 13
- Côte d'Ivoire 3
- Denmark 19
- Djibouti 5
- Dominica 1
- Dominican Republic 12
- Ecuador 11
- Egypt 10
- El Salvador 12
- Equatorial Guinea 3
- Eritrea 4
- Estonia 12
- Ethiopia 11
- Fiji 2
- Finland 15
- France 15
- Gabon 4
- Gambia 6
- Georgia 12
- Germany 19
- Ghana 7
- Greece 7
- Grenada 3
- Guatemala 19
- Guinea 5
- Guinea-Bissau 2
- Guyana 5
- Haiti 4
- Holy See (Vatican City State) 5
- Honduras 9
- Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) 14
- Hungary 9
- Iceland 15
- India 7
- Indonesia 6
- Iran, Islamic Republic of 9
- Iraq 13
- Ireland 10
- Israel 12
- Italy 12
- Jamaica 8
- Japan 13
- Jordan 7
- Kazakhstan 7
- Kenya 9
- Kiribati 1
- Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 5
- Korea, Republic of 14
- Kuwait 9
- Kyrgyzstan 13
- Lao People's Democratic Republic 4
- Latvia 9
- Lebanon 8
- Lesotho 4
- Liberia 1
- Libya 7
- Liechtenstein 7
- Lithuania 13
- Luxembourg 13
- Macau (Special Administrative Region of China) 9
- Madagascar 7
- Malawi 5
- Malaysia 2
- Maldives 5
- Mali 7
- Malta 5
- Marshall Islands 2
- Mauritania 7
- Mauritius 13
- Mexico 18
- Micronesia, Federated States of 1
- Moldova, Republic of 12
- Monaco 6
- Mongolia 8
- Montenegro 10
- Morocco 14
- Mozambique 4
- Myanmar 3
- Namibia 5
- Nepal 11
- Netherlands 17
- Netherlands Antilles 3
- New Zealand 10
- Nicaragua 13
- Niger 5
- Nigeria 7
- Norway 17
- Oman 6
- Pakistan 7
- Palau 1
- Panama 6
- Papua New Guinea 2
- Paraguay 11
- Peru 13
- Philippines 10
- Poland 16
- Portugal 19
- Qatar 8
- Romania 7
- Russian Federation 16
- Rwanda 5
- Saint Kitts and Nevis 1
- Saint Lucia 4
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5
- Samoa 1
- San Marino 3
- Sao Tome and Principe 2
- Saudi Arabia 5
- Senegal 7
- Serbia 16
- Seychelles 2
- Sierra Leone 5
- Singapore 4
- Slovakia 10
- Slovenia 12
- Solomon Islands 3
- South Africa 5
- Spain 17
- Sri Lanka 11
- Sudan 9
- Suriname 9
- Swaziland 2
- Sweden 18
- Switzerland 10
- Syrian Arab Republic 14
- Tajikistan 10
- Tanzania, United Republic of 11
- Thailand 3
- The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 13
- Timor-Leste (East Timor) 2
- Togo 9
- Tonga 2
- Trinidad and Tobago 5
- Tunisia 10
- Turkey 6
- Turkmenistan 9
- Tuvalu 1
- Uganda 8
- Ukraine 12
- United Arab Emirates 1
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 21
- United States of America 7
- Uruguay 13
- Uzbekistan 14
- Vanuatu 2
- Venezuela 9
- Viet Nam 7
- Yemen 14
- Zambia 6
- Zimbabwe 5
- Abduction 11
- Abkhazians 1
- Aborigine 1
- Abuse of psychiatry 1
- Access to procedures 6
- Access to water 2
- Adoption 24
- Ainu 1
- Albinism/Persons with Albinism 2
- Aliens 2
- Appeal / Right to appeal 3
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 6
- Armed forces / Military 29
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 1
- Armenian 1
- Ashkaelian 1
- Assyrians 1
- Asylum policy 1
- Asylum-seekers 40
- Batwa 1
- Burden-sharing and international co-operation 1
- Catholic 1
- Chaldean 1
- Chechen 1
- Child labour 43
- Child prostitution 52
- Child soldiers 29
- Children's rights 508
- Children-at-risk 56
- Civil and political rights 34
- Constitutional law 4
- Contemporary forms of slavery 2
- Convention against Torture (CAT) 31
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 43
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) 14
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 70
- Crimes against humanity 3
- Criminal justice 8
- Death penalty 17
- Demobilization / Disarmament 4
- Deportation / Forcible return 5
- Disappeared persons 15
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 292
- Domestic violence 62
- Drug trafficking 1
- Economic, social and cultural rights 239
- Effective remedy 13
- Equal opportunities 64
- Equality before the law 8
- Expulsion 2
- Extradition 4
- Extrajudicial executions 7
- Extreme poverty 7
- Family law 7
- Family reunification 1
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) 16
- Forced labour 1
- Forced marriage 5
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 166
- Freedom of assembly and association 14
- Freedom of conscience 1
- Freedom of expression 15
- Freedom of information 6
- Freedom of movement 2
- Freedom of religion 13
- Gender discrimination 108
- Gender mainstreaming 3
- Gender-based persecution 1
- HIV and AIDS 49
- Harmful traditional practices 14
- Hmong 2
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 21
- Human Rights Council 5
- Human rights activists 15
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 201
- Human rights monitors 1
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 1
- Illegitimate children 1
- Immigrants 6
- Immigration Detention 2
- Immigration law 1
- Impunity 15
- Independence of judiciary 15
- Indigenous persons 40
- Internal armed conflict 3
- Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 28
- International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CPED) 4
- International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 26
- International Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers (ICRMW) 6
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 22
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 67
- International armed conflict 2
- Juvenile justice system 5
- Koreans 1
- Kurd 1
- Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 1
- Laws relating to religion 2
- Legal representation / Legal aid 2
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 15
- Maori 1
- Mapuche 1
- Maternal and child health care 23
- Mental health 11
- Migrant rights 33
- Migrants 39
- Military law 1
- Military operations 1
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 12
- Minorities 24
- Minority rights 47
- Non-refoulement 20
- Older persons 1
- Opposition 1
- Ossetians (South) 1
- Persons with disabilities 58
- Police 11
- Polygamy 5
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1
- Pre-trial detention 13
- Prevention of discrimination 32
- Prison or detention conditions 86
- Property restitution 1
- Prostitution / Commercial sex work 4
- Protection of civilian persons in time of war 3
- Public health 48
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 200
- Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 1
- Refugees 55
- Religious discrimination 5
- Resettlement 1
- Returnees 5
- Right to a nationality 13
- Right to development 10
- Right to education 78
- Right to employment 44
- Right to family life 19
- Right to food 6
- Right to health 49
- Right to justice 8
- Right to liberty and security 1
- Right to life 21
- Right to registration at birth 29
- Right to return 1
- Right to seek asylum 3
- Rights of non-citizens 9
- Roma 33
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 1
- Ryukyuans 1
- SGBV 108
- Sale of children 42
- Sami 21
- Security forces 5
- Serb 1
- Sexual and reproductive rights 5
- Shabak 1
- Single heads of household 1
- Small arms 1
- Social group discrimination 2
- State protection 1
- Statelessness 6
- Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 1
- Temporary protection 1
- Terrorism 21
- Tibetan 1
- Torres Strait Islanders 1
- Torture 11
- Trafficking in persons 115
- Transit 1
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 1
- Turkmen 1
- Uighur 1
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 36
- Universal Periodic Review (UPR) 6
- War crimes 3
- Women's rights 171
- Women-at-risk 11
- Yazīdī 1
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