Refworld Case Law Collection Survey
Query Responses
Query responses are replies to focused queries or requests for Information that are submitted in the course of the refugee status determination process.
- Asylum Research Consultancy (ARC) 4
- Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal 1,398
- Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) 33
- Canada: Federal Court of Appeal 2
- Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 41,079
- Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI) 30
- European Union: European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 3
- Forum 18 2
- Human Rights Watch 1
- Immigration Advisory Service (IAS) 1
- Immigration Law Practitioners' Association (ILPA) 1
- Institute for War and Peace Reporting 2
- Ireland: Refugee Appeals Tribunal 1
- Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre 715
- Landinfo - Country of Origin Information Centre 11
- Swiss Refugee Council 15
- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 2
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 1
- United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services 282
- Afghanistan 441
- Albania 475
- Algeria 434
- American Samoa 2
- Angola 289
- Antigua and Barbuda 28
- Argentina 448
- Armenia 89
- Aruba 2
- Australia 57
- Austria 26
- Azerbaijan 155
- Bahamas 19
- Bahrain 25
- Bangladesh 849
- Barbados 33
- Belarus 111
- Belgium 41
- Belize 21
- Benin 50
- Bhutan 9
- Bolivia 131
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 86
- Botswana 31
- Brazil 126
- Brunei Darussalam 2
- Bulgaria 571
- Burkina Faso 61
- Burundi 224
- Cambodia 53
- Cameroon 286
- Canada 390
- Cape Verde 2
- Cayman Islands 1
- Central African Republic 37
- Chad 223
- Chile 393
- China 1,698
- Colombia 532
- Comoros 29
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,288
- Congo, Republic of the 183
- Costa Rica 290
- Croatia 174
- Cuba 406
- Cyprus 23
- Czech Republic 178
- Côte d'Ivoire 171
- Denmark 29
- Djibouti 223
- Dominica 27
- Dominican Republic 118
- Ecuador 206
- Egypt 267
- El Salvador 755
- Equatorial Guinea 22
- Eritrea 187
- Estonia 165
- Ethiopia 680
- Fiji 99
- Finland 13
- France 185
- French Guiana 6
- Gabon 26
- Gambia 73
- Georgia 176
- Germany 178
- Ghana 990
- Greece 113
- Grenada 68
- Guadeloupe 3
- Guatemala 533
- Guinea 211
- Guinea-Bissau 18
- Guyana 193
- Haiti 368
- Holy See (Vatican City State) 2
- Honduras 431
- Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) 74
- Hungary 302
- Iceland 1
- India 1,404
- Indonesia 157
- Iran, Islamic Republic of 1,520
- Iraq 455
- Ireland 21
- Israel 759
- Italy 105
- Jamaica 135
- Japan 42
- Jordan 238
- Kazakhstan 123
- Kenya 412
- Kiribati 2
- Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 27
- Korea, Republic of 141
- Kuwait 119
- Kyrgyzstan 49
- Lao People's Democratic Republic 9
- Latvia 126
- Lebanon 1,007
- Lesotho 8
- Liberia 177
- Libya 185
- Lithuania 75
- Luxembourg 2
- Macau (Special Administrative Region of China) 6
- Madagascar 12
- Malawi 33
- Malaysia 178
- Maldives 3
- Mali 124
- Malta 9
- Martinique 2
- Mauritania 105
- Mauritius 15
- Mexico 1,167
- Moldova, Republic of 212
- Mongolia 41
- Montenegro 199
- Montserrat 5
- Morocco 193
- Mozambique 17
- Myanmar 77
- Namibia 43
- Nauru 1
- Nepal 119
- Netherlands 61
- Netherlands Antilles 19
- New Caledonia 1
- New Zealand 3
- Nicaragua 311
- Niger 38
- Nigeria 1,563
- Norway 17
- Oman 8
- Pakistan 1,497
- Palestine, State of 194
- Panama 127
- Papua New Guinea 7
- Paraguay 45
- Peru 511
- Philippines 171
- Poland 374
- Portugal 37
- Qatar 19
- Romania 630
- Russian Federation 1,163
- Rwanda 316
- Saint Kitts and Nevis 10
- Saint Lucia 70
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 136
- Samoa 1
- Sao Tome and Principe 1
- Saudi Arabia 128
- Senegal 92
- Serbia 465
- Seychelles 39
- Sierra Leone 141
- Singapore 38
- Slovakia 137
- Slovenia 28
- Solomon Islands 6
- Somalia 1,157
- South Africa 177
- South Sudan 8
- Spain 106
- Sri Lanka 1,145
- Sudan 346
- Suriname 16
- Swaziland 16
- Sweden 43
- Switzerland 39
- Syrian Arab Republic 321
- Tajikistan 31
- Tanzania, United Republic of 136
- Thailand 76
- The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 119
- Timor-Leste (East Timor) 7
- Togo 147
- Tonga 2
- Trinidad and Tobago 91
- Tunisia 124
- Turkey 687
- Turkmenistan 13
- Turks and Caicos Islands 9
- Tuvalu 1
- U.S. Virgin Islands 2
- Uganda 246
- Ukraine 525
- United Arab Emirates 63
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 118
- United States of America 517
- Uruguay 178
- Uzbekistan 87
- Venezuela 754
- Viet Nam 156
- Western Sahara Territory 14
- Yemen 167
- Zambia 61
- Zimbabwe 309
- 1951 Refugee Convention 2
- Abduction 86
- Abkhazians 6
- Abuse of psychiatry 12
- Access to procedures 44
- Access to water 1
- Acehnese 2
- Acholi 5
- Acts of persecution 3
- Adivasis 2
- Administrative courts 1
- Adoption 30
- Afars 22
- Africans 10
- Afro-Colombians 2
- Age discrimination 1
- Ahmadis 116
- Ahwazi 6
- Airports 251
- Akan 17
- Alawi 47
- Albanians 13
- Albinism/Persons with Albinism 8
- Alevis 13
- Aliens 25
- Amhara 46
- Anglican 8
- Animist 2
- Anti-terrorism law 3
- Anuak 1
- Apartheid 12
- Appeal / Right to appeal 18
- Arabs 47
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 84
- Armed attacks on camps 5
- Armed forces / Military 183
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2,156
- Armenian 88
- Arrival 5
- Ashanti 30
- Ashkaelian 1
- Ashraf 2
- Assamese 3
- Assemblies of God 2
- Assyrians 4
- Asylum policy 11
- Asylum-migration nexus 1
- Asylum-seekers 73
- Atheist / Agnostic 9
- Azeri 24
- Baganda 4
- Baha'i 26
- Bail 23
- Bajuni 4
- Bakhtiari 1
- Bakongo 27
- Baluchis 10
- Bamileke 5
- Bantu 4
- Banyamulenge 4
- Banyarwanda 9
- Baptist 97
- Bashkirs 4
- Basques 6
- Bedoon 27
- Beja 2
- Belarusians 1
- Bemba 9
- Benadiri 4
- Bengalis 11
- Berber 23
- Bihari 20
- Blood feuds 38
- Bodos 1
- Border conflict 9
- Border controls 51
- Border crossers 40
- Bosnian 4
- Buddhist 73
- Bulgarians 20
- Burden of proof 1
- Buryat 5
- Cabinda 15
- Camp management 3
- Catholic 244
- Ceasefire 12
- Cessation clauses 2
- Chakma 2
- Chaldean 2
- Changes of circumstances in home country 10
- Chechen 18
- Child labour 3
- Child prostitution 8
- Child soldiers 70
- Children's rights 80
- Children-at-risk 113
- Chin 6
- Chinese 33
- Chittagong Hill Tribes 25
- Christian 321
- Chuvash 4
- Circassians 5
- Citizenship / Nationality law 35
- Civil and political rights 22
- Civil rights legislation 3
- Civil war 51
- Civilian character of asylum 1
- Combatants / Former combatants 32
- Communal conflict / Social conflict 95
- Conflict resolution 13
- Conflict situation 45
- Congregationalist 1
- Contemporary forms of slavery 5
- Convention refugee 40
- Copts 35
- Corruption 166
- Cossacks 13
- Country of origin information (COI) 10
- Coup d'état 271
- Creoles 2
- Crime prevention 27
- Crimean Tatars 12
- Crimes against humanity 27
- Criminal justice 723
- Croats 6
- Customary law 12
- Czechs 19
- Dalit 12
- Danes 3
- Darfuri 4
- Darod 47
- Death in custody 1
- Death penalty 31
- Death squads 48
- Demobilization / Disarmament 8
- Democracy 6
- Denial of nationality 7
- Denial of refugee status 77
- Deportation / Forcible return 261
- Dera Sacha Sauda 1
- Dinka 3
- Diolas 5
- Dioula 2
- Diplomatic asylum 1
- Disappeared persons 104
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 1,247
- Domestic violence 623
- Drug trafficking 104
- Druze 21
- East Caprivians 1
- Economic, social and cultural rights 33
- Effective protection 7
- Effective remedy 24
- Election law 1
- Elections 100
- Emigrants 63
- Entry / Exit 82
- Episcopalian 2
- Equal opportunities 2
- Equality before the law 22
- Eritreans 3
- Ethiopians 4
- Ethnic cleansing 7
- Evacuation 2
- Evangelical 75
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 4
- Ewe 11
- Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) 2
- Exiles 59
- Expulsion 148
- Extradition 58
- Extrajudicial executions 23
- Extreme poverty 3
- False documents 106
- Falun Gong 94
- Family law 6
- Family reunification 22
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) 129
- Fijians 26
- Filipinos 23
- Flight by land, air or sea 6
- Forced labour 24
- Forced marriage 179
- Forced sterilization / Abortion 14
- Foreign occupation 41
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 157
- Freedom of assembly and association 204
- Freedom of conscience 32
- Freedom of expression 215
- Freedom of information 71
- Freedom of movement 366
- Freedom of religion 626
- Freedom of speech 66
- Fulani 17
- Fur 3
- Gaboye 5
- Gagauz 8
- Gang related violence 45
- Gender discrimination 63
- Gender-based persecution 33
- Generalized violence 5
- Genocide 41
- Germans 21
- Good governance 117
- Greeks 9
- Gujaratis 3
- HIV and AIDS 101
- Habeas corpus 7
- Habitual residence 23
- Haitians 21
- Han 3
- Haratin 2
- Hare Krishna 4
- Harmful traditional practices 82
- Hazara 25
- Hema 2
- Hijacking 17
- Hindu 183
- Hmong 2
- Honour killings 40
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 180
- Hui 6
- Human rights activists 48
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 736
- Human rights courts 3
- Human rights law 1
- Human rights monitors 9
- Humanitarian assistance 6
- Hungarians 40
- Hutus 93
- IDP camps 8
- Ibo 15
- Ijaw 25
- Illegal entry 44
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 80
- Illegitimate children 14
- Immigrants 128
- Immigration Detention 48
- Immigration control after entry 4
- Immigration law 2
- Immunity 9
- Impunity 28
- Independence of judiciary 11
- Indians 20
- Indigenous persons 43
- Ingush 11
- Integration 11
- Internal armed conflict 40
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 76
- Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 68
- International armed conflict 10
- International courts and tribunals 3
- International criminal law 2
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 6
- Involuntary repatriation 14
- Iranians 31
- Ismaili 2
- Issaq 28
- Japanese 13
- Jehovah's Witness 37
- Jew 316
- Kachin 1
- Kalenjin 5
- Karamojong 1
- Karen 4
- Kashmiris 23
- Kazakhs 5
- Khakass 4
- Khmer 3
- Kikuyu 26
- Kisii 6
- Komi 4
- Konkomba 9
- Koreans 23
- Kosovar 3
- Krou 1
- Kurd 300
- Kusasi 2
- Labour law 4
- Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2
- Lari 14
- Law of the sea 2
- Laws relating to religion 8
- Laz 2
- Legal representation / Legal aid 62
- Lendu 3
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 563
- Lezgin 3
- Livelihoods 7
- Location of camps 14
- Luba 18
- Lunda, Yeke 1
- Luo 8
- Lutheran 3
- M'boshi 1
- Macedonians 33
- Madhesis 1
- Madhiban 5
- Magyars 2
- Malays 5
- Malinke / Mandingo 6
- Mandate status 17
- Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 1
- Maronite 4
- Mass exodus 10
- Massaleit 4
- Maternal and child health care 25
- Mayans 5
- Medical screening 2
- Melanesians 1
- Memoranda of understanding (MOU) 1
- Mende 4
- Mental health 49
- Mentally disadvantaged persons 24
- Mercenaries 4
- Merina 1
- Meskhetians 1
- Messianic Jews 14
- Methodist 10
- Midgan 7
- Migrant rights 1
- Migrants 49
- Military courts 137
- Military law 1
- Military operations 16
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 1,373
- Minorities 386
- Minority rights 38
- Mohajirs 58
- Mon 2
- Mongols 1
- Montenegrin 9
- Mormon 10
- Mossi-Dagomba 5
- Multiple nationality 74
- Muslim 632
- Nagas 1
- National security / Public order 18
- Naturalization 153
- Ndebele 5
- Nepalis 7
- New Life Church 1
- Ngbandi 5
- Nomads 34
- Non-refoulement 34
- Non-state agents of persecution 42
- Nuba 9
- Nuer 1
- Older persons 29
- One-child policy / Family planning 34
- Opposition 377
- Oromo 51
- Orthodox Christian 39
- Ossetians (South) 11
- Ovimbundu 4
- Paez 1
- Palestinian 166
- Pashtun 17
- Passports 322
- Peace agreements 65
- Peace process 26
- Peacekeeping 15
- Pentecostal 29
- Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 5
- Persecution based on nationality 3
- Persecution based on political opinion 451
- Persecution of family members 82
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 186
- Persons of concern to UNHCR 2
- Persons with disabilities 68
- Piracy 2
- Poles 15
- Police 479
- Political asylum 43
- Political groups 561
- Political parties 1,041
- Political situation 680
- Polygamy 27
- Polynesians 1
- Pomaks 5
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1
- Pre-trial detention 1
- Presbyterian 5
- Prevention of discrimination 4
- Prison or detention conditions 171
- Prisoners of war 1
- Proof of nationality 25
- Property restitution 23
- Prosecution vs persecution 23
- Prostitution / Commercial sex work 40
- Protection of camps 1
- Protection of civilian persons in time of war 8
- Protestant 38
- Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 23
- Public health 217
- Punjabis 16
- Quechua 1
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 1,109
- Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 2
- Raizals 1
- Rastafarian 3
- Re-entry 6
- Readmission 1
- Reception 3
- Reconciliation 11
- Referendum 8
- Refoulement 40
- Refugee / Asylum law 4
- Refugee camps 119
- Refugee identity documents 59
- Refugee seamen 30
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 12
- Refugee travel documents / CTDs 69
- Refugees 74
- Refugees sur place 6
- Registration 29
- Reintegration 5
- Rejected asylum-seekers 109
- Rejection at border 2
- Religious discrimination 288
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 326
- Rescue at sea / Interception at sea 1
- Resettlement 36
- Residence permits / Residency 856
- Return conditions 76
- Returnees 190
- Right to a nationality 768
- Right to education 95
- Right to employment 124
- Right to family life 6
- Right to food 5
- Right to health 41
- Right to justice 28
- Right to leave 131
- Right to liberty and security 2
- Right to life 9
- Right to registration at birth 67
- Right to return 218
- Right to seek asylum 4
- Right to self-determination 8
- Rights of non-citizens 90
- Rohingya (Arakanese) 11
- Roma 277
- Romanians 28
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 115
- Russians 140
- SGBV 944
- Sabean Mandean 4
- Sabians 3
- Safe country of origin 1
- Safe third country 2
- Saharawis 3
- Salafi 5
- Sale of children 2
- Sami 2
- Sanctions 5
- Sandzak 2
- Secondary movement 1
- Security forces 278
- Security situation 304
- Serb 62
- Serious non-political crime 4
- Seventh Day Adventist 38
- Sexual and reproductive rights 49
- Shan 5
- Sharia law 23
- Shia 135
- Sikh 325
- Sindhis 4
- Single heads of household 43
- Sinhalese 58
- Slovaks 6
- Slovenes 4
- Small arms 1
- Smuggling of persons 21
- Social group discrimination 98
- Social group persecution 24
- Solomon Islanders 1
- Somalis 73
- Spontaneous return 1
- State of emergency 23
- State protection 970
- Statelessness 18
- Stowaways 2
- Sufi 12
- Sunni 150
- Sur place persecution 5
- Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 1
- Tajik 8
- Tamil 385
- Taoist 1
- Tatars 62
- Temne 3
- Temporary admission 9
- Temporary protection 6
- Territorial asylum 2
- Terrorism 547
- Threats / Intimidation 1
- Tibetan 59
- Tien Do 1
- Tigreans 8
- Tiv 1
- Torture 7
- Trafficking in persons 35
- Transgression of social / cultural norms 6
- Transit 7
- Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) 1
- Travel documents 111
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 2
- Tuareg 6
- Turkmen 6
- Turks 6
- Tutsis 111
- UNHCR mandate 3
- Udmurts 1
- Uighur 29
- Ukrainians 33
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 14
- Unlawful departure 71
- Urban refugees 1
- Uzbek 3
- Vietnamese 1
- Visas 933
- Vlachs 2
- Voluntary repatriation 99
- War crimes 7
- Well-founded fear of persecution 8
- Widowed persons 51
- Witchcraft 7
- Withdrawal of nationality 9
- Witnesses 122
- Women's rights 306
- Women-at-risk 308
- Work permits 196
- Yazīdī 2
- Yibir 7
- Yoruba 36
- Zanzibaris 2
- Zapotecs 1
- Zarma 1
- Zoroastrian 30
- Zulus 4
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