Refworld Case Law Collection Survey
China
- Australia: Federal Court 51
- Australia: Federal Magistrates Court 58
- Australia: High Court 6
- Australia: Immigration Review Tribunal 2
- Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal 192
- Austria: Constitutional Court of Austria (Verfassungsgerichtshof) 1
- Canada: Federal Court 40
- Canada: Federal Court of Appeal 9
- Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 14
- Canada: Supreme Court 2
- Center for Gender & Refugee Studies 1
- Costa Rica: Corte Suprema de Justicia 2
- Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights 3
- European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union 1
- France: Commission des Recours des Réfugiés (CRR) 2
- France: Conseil d'Etat 1
- Germany: Bundesamt für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge 1
- Hong Kong: Court of Final Appeal 1
- Hong Kong: High Court 14
- Hong Kong: Supreme Court 1
- Ireland: High Court 3
- Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre 1
- Japan: High Courts 1
- Liberty 1
- Myanmar: Supreme Court 1
- National Legislative Bodies / National Authorities 48
- Netherlands, The: Council of State (Raad van State) 1
- New Zealand: Court of Appeal 3
- New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal 8
- New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority 43
- Russian Federation: City Courts 1
- Slovakia: Regional Court in Bratislava 1
- South Africa: High Court 1
- Spain: Tribunal Constitucional 1
- Switzerland: Tribunal administratif fédéral 1
- UN Commission on Human Rights 1
- UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) 2
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 1
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 2
- UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) 2
- UN Security Council 1
- United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority 16
- United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) 5
- United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland) 1
- United Kingdom: High Court (England and Wales) 9
- United Kingdom: High Court (Northern Ireland) 1
- United Kingdom: House of Lords (Judicial Committee) 1
- United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) 4
- United States Attorney-General 1
- United States Board of Immigration Appeals 15
- United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 1
- United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit 2
- United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 4
- United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 7
- United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 2
- United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 3
- United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 14
- United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 12
- United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 6
- United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 3
- United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 10
- United States Supreme Court 4
- 1951 Refugee Convention 2
- Abduction 2
- Access to procedures 2
- Acts of persecution 5
- Administrative courts 2
- Administrative law 2
- Agents of persecution 2
- Ahmadis 1
- Aliens 3
- Appeal / Right to appeal 10
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 106
- Armed forces / Military 1
- Arrival 1
- Asylum-seekers 4
- Benefit of the doubt 1
- Buddhist 6
- Burden of proof 8
- Catholic 31
- Cessation clauses 1
- Changes of circumstances in home country 3
- Children's rights 5
- Children-at-risk 17
- Chinese 1
- Christian 103
- Citizenship / Nationality law 3
- Civil and political rights 1
- Combatants / Former combatants 1
- Complementary forms of protection 7
- Constitutional law 1
- Contemporary forms of slavery 1
- Convention against Torture (CAT) 16
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 2
- Convention refugee 1
- Corruption 9
- Country of origin information (COI) 106
- Credibility assessment 125
- Criminal justice 35
- Cumulative grounds of persecution 1
- Death penalty 7
- Death squads 1
- Decision on admissibility 1
- Democracy 2
- Denial of refugee status 6
- Deportation / Forcible return 51
- Derivative status 3
- Diplomatic assurances 2
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 7
- Domestic violence 9
- Drug trafficking 1
- EU Qualification Directive 1
- Economic, social and cultural rights 3
- Effective protection 3
- Effective remedy 2
- Election law 1
- Entry / Exit 7
- Equality before the law 1
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 59
- Exclusion clauses 14
- Exhaustion of domestic remedies 1
- Expulsion 3
- Extradition 2
- False documents 5
- Falun Gong 120
- Family law 5
- Family reunification 1
- Forced labour 9
- Forced marriage 2
- Forced sterilization / Abortion 18
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 81
- Freedom of assembly and association 4
- Freedom of conscience 3
- Freedom of expression 6
- Freedom of movement 1
- Freedom of religion 8
- Freedom of speech 6
- Fresh / New claim 2
- Gender-based persecution 3
- Grounds for persecution 14
- Habeas corpus 2
- Habitual residence 1
- Han 1
- Hijacking 1
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 5
- Huang Jiao 1
- Hui 1
- Human rights activists 4
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 2
- Illegitimate children 6
- Immigrants 1
- Immigration Detention 9
- Immigration law 9
- Impunity 1
- Independence of judiciary 6
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 21
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 3
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 1
- International protection 1
- Involuntary repatriation 2
- Jehovah's Witness 1
- Jurisdiction 4
- Karen 3
- Koreans 4
- Laws relating to religion 4
- Legal representation / Legal aid 5
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 3
- Livelihoods 1
- Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 7
- Mental health 9
- Military law 1
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 4
- Minorities 11
- Mormon 2
- Multiple nationality 2
- Muslim 8
- National security / Public order 4
- Naturalization 2
- Non-refoulement 1
- Non-state agents of persecution 14
- One-child policy / Family planning 47
- Passports 9
- Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 1
- Persecution based on nationality 4
- Persecution based on political opinion 157
- Persecution of family members 35
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 3
- Persons not in need of international protection 4
- Persons with disabilities 1
- Police 4
- Political asylum 4
- Political groups 1
- Political parties 2
- Political situation 1
- Polygamy 1
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2
- Presbyterian 1
- Prison or detention conditions 11
- Prisoners of war 1
- Proof of nationality 2
- Prosecution vs persecution 17
- Prostitution / Commercial sex work 2
- Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 2
- Public health 5
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 18
- Refoulement 4
- Refugee / Asylum law 3
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 7
- Refugees 5
- Regional instruments 1
- Registration 1
- Rejected asylum-seekers 16
- Religious discrimination 9
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 232
- Residence permits / Residency 1
- Returnees 1
- Right to education 9
- Right to employment 21
- Right to family life 13
- Right to food 1
- Right to health 1
- Right to justice 6
- Right to liberty and security 5
- Right to life 4
- Right to registration at birth 1
- Right to return 1
- Right to self-determination 2
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 32
- SGBV 2
- Safe country of origin 3
- Safe third country 6
- Serious non-political crime 9
- Seventh Day Adventist 1
- Sexual and reproductive rights 13
- Shia 1
- Single heads of household 1
- Single procedure 1
- Smuggling of persons 3
- Social group discrimination 7
- Social group persecution 73
- Standard of proof 5
- State protection 17
- Statelessness 9
- Statelessness Determination Procedures 1
- Sur place persecution 18
- Suspensive effect 1
- Taoist 3
- Terrorism 1
- Threats / Intimidation 2
- Tibetan 9
- Torture 1
- Trafficking in persons 7
- Travel documents 1
- Uighur 12
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 7
- Unlawful departure 14
- Visas 13
- Well-founded fear of persecution 28
- Withdrawal of nationality 1
- Witnesses 17
- Women's rights 5
- Women-at-risk 11
UNHCR is not responsible for the content and availability of non-UNHCR websites. Content displays in a new window.
- Amnesty International - China
- Amnesty International - Hong Kong
- Amnesty International - Macao
- Asia Times Online - China News
- Australia Tibet Council
- BBC Chinese
- Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
- China Human Rights
- Clear Harmony - Falun Dafa in Europe
- Dui Hua Foundation
- Falun Dafa Information Center
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - China
- Human Rights Watch (HRW) - China and Tibet
- Human Rights in China (HRIC)
- International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC regional delegation in Beijing
- International Crisis Group (ICG) - China
- International Crisis Group (ICG) - Taiwan Strait
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) - China
- Observe China - China Information Center
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) - China
- Phayul.com - News & views on Tibet
- Radio Free Asia (RFA) - China
- Radio Free Asia (RFA) - Tibet
- Radio Free Asia (RFA) - Uyghur
- ReliefWeb - China
- ReliefWeb - China - Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region)
- ReliefWeb - China - Macau (Special Administrative Region)
- South China Morning Post
- The Epoch Times
- TibetInfoNet
- Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy
- Time Magazine - Asia Edition
- UNHCR - China
- UNHCR - Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China)
- UNHCR - Macau (Special Administrative Region of China)
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - China
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP)
- United States Department of State - China
- United States Department of State: Congressional Research Service Reports (CRS) and Issue Briefs
- Uyghur Human Rights Project (UHRP)
- World Health Organization (WHO) - China
- Xinhua News Agency
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