Iraq

• Australia: Administrative Appeals Tribunal 1
• Australia: Federal Court 7
• Australia: Federal Magistrates Court 4
• Australia: High Court 1
• Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal 26
• Austria: Higher Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) 2
• Belgium: Commission permanente de recours des réfugiés (see: Conseil du Contentieux des Etrangers) 2
• Belgium: Conseil du Contentieux des Etrangers 3
• Bulgaria: Supreme Administrative Court 2
• Canada: Federal Court 9
• Canada: Supreme Court 2
• Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights 36
• European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union 6
• Finland: Supreme Administrative Court 2
• France: Commission des Recours des Réfugiés (CRR) 3
• France: Conseil d'Etat 2
• France: Cour nationale du droit d'asile 1
• Germany: Bundesverfassungsgericht 1
• Germany: Bundesverwaltungsgericht 12
• Germany: Oberverwaltungsgericht 1
• Germany: Verwaltungsgericht 2
• Greece: Council of State 3
• Greece: Criminal Courts (First Instance) 3
• India: High Courts 1
• International Association of Refugee Law Judges 2
• Ireland: High Court 1
• Italy: Italian Supreme Court (Corte Suprema di Cassazione) 1
• Netherlands, The: The Hague District Court 2
• New Zealand: Court of Appeal 1
• New Zealand: High Court 1
• New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal 2
• New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority 23
• Norway: Supreme Court 1
• Russian Federation: District Courts 3
• Switzerland: Tribunal administratif fédéral 3
• Ukraine: District Courts 1
• UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) 3
• UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 2
• UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) 2
• United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority 36
• United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) 30
• United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland) 11
• United Kingdom: High Court (England and Wales) 28
• United Kingdom: House of Lords (Judicial Committee) 8
• United Kingdom: Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) 2
• United Kingdom: Supreme Court 2
• United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) 7
• United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 5
• United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 1
• United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 3
• United States Supreme Court 1

• 1951 Refugee Convention 1
• Abduction 5
• Access to procedures 7
• Acts of persecution 2
• Administrative courts 2
• Agents of persecution 1
• Anti-terrorism law 2
• Appeal / Right to appeal 7
• Arabs 2
• Arbitrary arrest and detention 19
• Armed forces / Military 7
• Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 7
• Assyrians 6
• Asylum policy 12
• Asylum-seekers 7
• Bedoon 1
• Blood feuds 1
• Burden of proof 5
• Burden-sharing and international co-operation 1
• Catholic 1
• Cessation clauses 5
• Chaldean 6
• Changes of circumstances in home country 18
• Children's rights 2
• Children-at-risk 1
• Christian 31
• Citizenship / Nationality law 4
• Combatants / Former combatants 2
• Complementary forms of protection 23
• Conflict situation 2
• Constitutional law 1
• Convention against Torture (CAT) 1
• Convention refugee 1
• Country of origin information (COI) 52
• Credibility assessment 18
• Crimes against humanity 4
• Criminal justice 14
• Death penalty 4
• Decision on admissibility 1
• Denial of nationality 2
• Denial of refugee status 3
• Deportation / Forcible return 39
• Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 3
• EU Qualification Directive 12
• Effective protection 16
• Effective remedy 8
• Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 29
• Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) 10
• Exclusion clauses 8
• Exhaustion of domestic remedies 1
• Expedited procedures 1
• Expulsion 5
• Extended definition 1
• Extradition 1
• Extrajudicial executions 1
• False documents 2
• Family reunification 1
• Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 40
• Freedom of expression 2
• Freedom of speech 2
• Fresh / New claim 4
• Gender-based persecution 4
• Generalized violence 1
• Grounds for persecution 3
• Habitual residence 1
• Harmful traditional practices 1
• Hijacking 2
• Hindu 1
• Honour killings 7
• Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 2
• Human rights and fundamental freedoms 3
• Human rights law 3
• Illegal entry 7
• Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 1
• Immigration Detention 17
• Immunity 1
• Internal armed conflict 12
• Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 44
• International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 2
• International armed conflict 3
• International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 5
• International protection 2
• Involuntary repatriation 4
• Jurisdiction 4
• Kurd 49
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 1
• Mandate status 4
• Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 2
• Mental health 4
• Mentally disadvantaged persons 1
• Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 9
• Minorities 2
• Multiple nationality 5
• Muslim 4
• National security / Public order 1
• Non-refoulement 6
• Non-state agents of persecution 31
• Orthodox Christian 1
• Palestinian 1
• Passports 2
• Persecution based on nationality 3
• Persecution based on political opinion 69
• Persecution of family members 10
• Persons of concern to UNHCR 1
• Physical harm 1
• Political asylum 1
• Political parties 4
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 4
• Pre-entry procedures 1
• Pre-trial detention 6
• Prison or detention conditions 3
• Proof of nationality 2
• Prosecution vs persecution 6
• Public health 1
• Racial / Ethnic persecution 10
• Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 2
• Re-entry 1
• Reception 4
• Refoulement 8
• Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 8
• Refugees 3
• Regional instruments 9
• Rejected asylum-seekers 8
• Religious discrimination 5
• Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 52
• Resettlement 1
• Residence permits / Residency 9
• Return conditions 1
• Returnees 4
• Right to a nationality 3
• Right to family life 9
• Right to justice 3
• Right to liberty and security 13
• Right to life 9
• Rights of non-citizens 1
• Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 8
• SGBV 2
• Sabean Mandean 2
• Safe country of origin 2
• Safe third country 20
• Secondary movement 1
• Security forces 1
• Security situation 10
• Serious non-political crime 1
• Shia 17
• Single heads of household 3
• Single procedure 4
• Social group discrimination 1
• Social group persecution 16
• Standard of proof 2
• State protection 7
• Statelessness 9
• Statelessness Determination Procedures 5
• Sunni 14
• Suspensive effect 1
• Temporary admission 6
• Temporary protection 1
• Terrorism 9
• Threats / Intimidation 3
• Transgression of social / cultural norms 4
• Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 2
• UNHCR mandate 3
• Unaccompanied / Separated children 10
• Unlawful departure 3
• Visas 2
• Voluntary repatriation 2
• War crimes 2
• Well-founded fear of persecution 4
• Withdrawal of nationality 4
• Witnesses 2
• Women-at-risk 6
• Yazīdī 4

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• American Kurdish Information Network
• Amnesty International - Iraq
• Assyrian International News Agency (AINA)
• Azzaman.com
• Centre of Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance
• Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
• Embassy of the United States in Iraq
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Iraq
• Human Rights Watch (HRW) - Iraq
• Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) - Iraq
• Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) - Iraq
• International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC in Iraq
• International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC mission in Ankara
• International Crisis Group (ICG) - Iraq
• Iraq Body Count (IBC)
• Iraq Daily
• Iraqi News
• Kurdish Media
• Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KRG)
• NGO Coordination Committee for Iraq (NCCI)
• New York Times - Iraq News
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) - Iraq
• Peyamner News Agency
• Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) - Iraq
• Radio Free Iraq
• ReliefWeb - Iraq
• Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR)
• UNHCR - Iraq
• United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)
• United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - Iraq
• United Nations News Centre - News Focus: Iraq
• United States Department of State - Iraq
• United States Department of State: Congressional Research Service Reports (CRS) and Issue Briefs
• World Food Programme (WFP) - Iraq
• World Health Organization (WHO) - Iraq