Democratic Republic of the Congo

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• WRITENET 9

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• 1951 Refugee Convention 1
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• Abduction 94
• Abuse of psychiatry 3
• Access to procedures 11
• Access to water 5
• Acts of persecution 2
• Administrative courts 1
• Administrative law 2
• Adoption 1
• Age discrimination 1
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• Albanians 6
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• Animist 4
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• Appeal / Right to appeal 9
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• Arbitrary arrest and detention 144
• Armed attacks on camps 25
• Armed forces / Military 263
• Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 537
• Assyrians 2
• Asylum policy 9
• Asylum-migration nexus 7
• Asylum-seekers 149
• Baha'i 1
• Bakongo 4
• Banyamulenge 10
• Banyarwanda 10
• Batwa 16
• Bedoon 4
• Bemba 5
• Berber 1
• Border conflict 25
• Border controls 6
• Border crossers 7
• Buddhist 7
• Burden of proof 5
• Burden-sharing and international co-operation 4
• Cabinda 1
• Camp management 4
• Capacity building of state institutions 7
• Catholic 14
• Ceasefire 61
• Cessation clauses 5
• Chechen 5
• Child labour 31
• Child prostitution 18
• Child soldiers 162
• Children's rights 129
• Children-at-risk 95
• Christian 58
• Citizenship / Nationality law 7
• Civil and political rights 8
• Civil war 22
• Civilian character of asylum 6
• Climate change (including environmental migrants) 2
• Combatants / Former combatants 110
• Communal conflict / Social conflict 62
• Community development 1
• Complementary forms of protection 3
• Conflict prevention 5
• Conflict resolution 57
• Conflict situation 199
• Constitutional law 3
• Contemporary forms of slavery 10
• Convention against Torture (CAT) 4
• Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 9
• Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) 1
• Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 4
• Copts 1
• Corruption 57
• Country of origin information (COI) 29
• Coup d'état 17
• Credibility assessment 28
• Crime prevention 1
• Crimean Tatars 4
• Crimes against humanity 61
• Crimes against peace 4
• Criminal justice 69
• Cumulative grounds of persecution 2
• Dalit 1
• Death in custody 2
• Death penalty 78
• Decision on admissibility 3
• Demobilization / Disarmament 106
• Democracy 18
• Denial of nationality 1
• Denial of refugee status 3
• Deportation / Forcible return 65
• Derivative status 3
• Disappeared persons 60
• Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 87
• Domestic violence 24
• Drug trafficking 5
• Druze 4
• EU Qualification Directive 3
• Economic, social and cultural rights 28
• Effective protection 1
• Effective remedy 32
• Election law 2
• Elections 211
• Embargo 17
• Emigrants 1
• Entry / Exit 3
• Equality before the law 6
• Ethiopians 4
• Ethnic cleansing 5
• Evangelical 5
• Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 27
• Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) 1
• Exclusion clauses 7
• Exhaustion of domestic remedies 3
• Exiles 9
• Expedited procedures 1
• Expulsion 18
• Extradition 8
• Extrajudicial executions 139
• Extreme poverty 11
• False documents 8
• Family law 1
• Family reunification 9
• Female genital mutilation (FGM) 25
• Flight by land, air or sea 1
• Forced labour 47
• Forced marriage 29
• Forced relocation 4
• Foreign occupation 5
• Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 176
• Freedom of assembly and association 117
• Freedom of conscience 8
• Freedom of expression 328
• Freedom of information 170
• Freedom of movement 60
• Freedom of religion 65
• Freedom of speech 138
• Fresh / New claim 4
• Fulani 2
• Gang related violence 4
• Gender discrimination 45
• Gender mainstreaming 3
• Gender-based persecution 26
• Generalized violence 7
• Genocide 19
• Good governance 46
• Good offices 1
• Gross, systematic and large-scale 9
• Group / Prima facie determination 10
• HIV and AIDS 26
• Harmful traditional practices 18
• Hema 5
• Hindu 7
• Honour killings 9
• Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 25
• Human Rights Council 12
• Human rights activists 133
• Human rights and fundamental freedoms 199
• Human rights courts 4
• Human rights law 8
• Human rights monitors 32
• Humanitarian assistance 174
• Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay) 1
• Hutus 43
• IDP camps 39
• Illegal entry 9
• Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 11
• Immigrants 11
• Immigration Detention 30
• Immigration law 5
• Immunity 2
• Impunity 120
• Income-generating projects 2
• Independence of judiciary 31
• Indigenous persons 26
• Integration 11
• Internal armed conflict 373
• Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 5
• Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 513
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 4
• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 3
• International armed conflict 22
• International courts and tribunals 74
• International criminal law 28
• International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 30
• International protection 12
• Involuntary repatriation 3
• Jehovah's Witness 12
• Jew 4
• Jurisdiction 6
• Juvenile justice system 1
• Kachin 2
• Kasaians 3
• Kikuyu 1
• Kurd 41
• Labour law 2
• Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 9
• Lari 1
• Legal representation / Legal aid 6
• Lendu 5
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 61
• Livelihoods 17
• Location of camps 50
• Luba 21
• Lunda, Yeke 3
• Mandate status 2
• Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 5
• Mass exodus 4
• Maternal and child health care 8
• Mbororo 1
• Medical screening 2
• Mental health 7
• Mentally disadvantaged persons 1
• Mercenaries 1
• Migrant rights 10
• Migrants 35
• Military courts 21
• Military law 9
• Military operations 107
• Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 65
• Minorities 41
• Minority rights 15
• Mormon 9
• Multiple nationality 7
• Muslim 69
• National security / Public order 8
• Naturalization 1
• Nepalis 1
• Ngbandi 9
• Nomads 1
• Non-refoulement 16
• Non-state agents of persecution 8
• Nuba 1
• Older persons 3
• One-child policy / Family planning 4
• Opposition 117
• Orderly return 6
• Oromo 1
• Orthodox Christian 9
• Palestinian 29
• Passports 15
• Pastoralists 1
• Peace agreements 85
• Peace process 62
• Peacekeeping 292
• Pentecostal 2
• Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 7
• Persecution based on nationality 8
• Persecution based on political opinion 120
• Persecution of family members 6
• Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 32
• Persons not in need of international protection 1
• Persons of concern to UNHCR 10
• Persons with disabilities 23
• Piracy 8
• Police 89
• Political asylum 1
• Political groups 41
• Political parties 111
• Political situation 325
• Polygamy 3
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 4
• Pre-entry procedures 1
• Pre-trial detention 29
• Prevention of discrimination 2
• Prison or detention conditions 81
• Proof of nationality 4
• Property restitution 2
• Prosecution vs persecution 2
• Prostitution / Commercial sex work 15
• Protection of camps 5
• Protection of civilian persons in time of war 194
• Protestant 9
• Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 76
• Public health 53
• Racial / Ethnic persecution 68
• Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 6
• Reception 1
• Reconciliation 11
• Referendum 19
• Refoulement 22
• Refugee / Asylum law 10
• Refugee camps 107
• Refugee identity documents 16
• Refugee seamen 1
• Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 25
• Refugee travel documents / CTDs 15
• Refugees 488
• Refugees sur place 1
• Regional instruments 5
• Registration 3
• Reintegration 36
• Rejected asylum-seekers 28
• Rejection at border 5
• Religious discrimination 27
• Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 30
• Reservation 4
• Resettlement 11
• Residence permits / Residency 23
• Return conditions 40
• Returnees 111
• Right to a nationality 17
• Right to development 1
• Right to education 43
• Right to employment 19
• Right to family life 17
• Right to food 20
• Right to health 19
• Right to justice 21
• Right to leave 2
• Right to liberty and security 10
• Right to life 19
• Right to registration at birth 4
• Right to return 7
• Right to seek asylum 7
• Right to self-determination 8
• Rights of non-citizens 4
• Rohingya (Arakanese) 6
• Roma 9
• Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 73
• Rwandans 11
• SGBV 328
• Safe country of origin 2
• Safe third country 2
• Salafi 5
• Sale of children 2
• Sami 1
• Sanctions 22
• Secondary movement 3
• Security forces 176
• Security situation 613
• Serious non-political crime 1
• Seventh Day Adventist 1
• Sexual and reproductive rights 2
• Shabak 2
• Sharia law 3
• Shia 25
• Sindhis 1
• Small arms 12
• Smuggling of persons 5
• Social group discrimination 21
• Social group persecution 5
• Somalis 1
• Spontaneous return 2
• Standard of proof 1
• State of emergency 15
• State protection 20
• Statelessness 19
• Sunni 13
• Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 10
• Tamil 7
• Tatars 4
• Temporary protection 2
• Terrorism 139
• Threats / Intimidation 9
• Tibetan 11
• Torture 32
• Trafficking in persons 80
• Transit 2
• Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) 17
• Travel documents 7
• Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 8
• Tuareg 5
• Turkmen 2
• Tutsis 64
• UNHCR mandate 3
• Uighur 25
• Unaccompanied / Separated children 18
• Universal Periodic Review (UPR) 10
• Unlawful departure 1
• Urban refugees 14
• Visas 9
• Voluntary repatriation 67
• War crimes 116
• Well-founded fear of persecution 6
• Witchcraft 2
• Witnesses 9
• Women's rights 120
• Women-at-risk 63
• Work permits 13
• Yazīdī 6
• Zulus 1

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• Amnesty International - Democratic Republic of Congo
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Human Rights Watch (HRW) - Democratic Republic of Congo
• Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) - Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
• Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
• International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC in DR Congo
• International Crisis Group (ICG) - DR Congo
• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
• ReliefWeb - Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
• Rift Valley Institute
• UNHCR - Democratic Republic of the Congo
• United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - Congo, Democratic Republic of the
• United Nations News Centre - News Focus: Democratic Republic of Congo
• United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)
• United States Department of State - Congo (Kinshasa)
• World Food Programme (WFP) - Congo, Democratic Republic Of
• World Health Organization (WHO) - Democratic Republic of the Congo