Refworld Case Law Collection Survey
Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
The Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) is Canada's largest independent administrative tribunal, responsible for making well-reasoned decisions on immigration and refugee matters efficiently, fairly and in accordance with the law. It consists of three divisions: the Refugee Protection Division; the Immigration Division; and the Immigration Appeal Division. The Refugee Protection Division decides claims for refugee protection made by people already in Canada. Website: www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/
- Afghanistan 342
- Albania 452
- Algeria 410
- American Samoa 2
- Angola 279
- Antigua and Barbuda 28
- Argentina 451
- Armenia 85
- Aruba 2
- Australia 18
- Austria 26
- Azerbaijan 155
- Bahamas 19
- Bahrain 16
- Bangladesh 768
- Barbados 33
- Belarus 108
- Belgium 40
- Belize 21
- Benin 47
- Bhutan 6
- Bolivia 130
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 88
- Botswana 30
- Brazil 125
- Brunei Darussalam 2
- Bulgaria 577
- Burkina Faso 57
- Burundi 220
- Cambodia 40
- Cameroon 250
- Canada 534
- Cape Verde 2
- Cayman Islands 1
- Central African Republic 37
- Chad 220
- Chile 396
- China 1,421
- Colombia 505
- Comoros 29
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,254
- Congo, Republic of the 176
- Costa Rica 294
- Croatia 179
- Cuba 402
- Cyprus 22
- Czech Republic 187
- Côte d'Ivoire 161
- Denmark 26
- Djibouti 224
- Dominica 27
- Dominican Republic 118
- Ecuador 208
- Egypt 194
- El Salvador 756
- Equatorial Guinea 22
- Eritrea 167
- Estonia 169
- Ethiopia 631
- Fiji 57
- Finland 11
- France 183
- French Guiana 6
- Gabon 26
- Gambia 70
- Georgia 156
- Germany 176
- Ghana 959
- Greece 110
- Grenada 68
- Guadeloupe 3
- Guatemala 532
- Guinea 199
- Guinea-Bissau 18
- Guyana 194
- Haiti 367
- Holy See (Vatican City State) 2
- Honduras 436
- Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) 65
- Hungary 311
- Iceland 1
- India 1,274
- Indonesia 77
- Iran, Islamic Republic of 1,484
- Iraq 394
- Ireland 21
- Israel 750
- Italy 104
- Jamaica 135
- Japan 40
- Jordan 221
- Kazakhstan 124
- Kenya 387
- Kiribati 2
- Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 17
- Korea, Republic of 119
- Kuwait 114
- Kyrgyzstan 46
- Lao People's Democratic Republic 9
- Latvia 127
- Lebanon 985
- Lesotho 3
- Liberia 151
- Libya 180
- Lithuania 74
- Luxembourg 2
- Macau (Special Administrative Region of China) 5
- Madagascar 11
- Malawi 26
- Malaysia 154
- Maldives 3
- Mali 121
- Malta 7
- Martinique 2
- Mauritania 102
- Mauritius 12
- Mexico 1,200
- Moldova, Republic of 211
- Mongolia 35
- Montenegro 200
- Montserrat 5
- Morocco 183
- Mozambique 16
- Myanmar 49
- Namibia 43
- Nauru 1
- Nepal 77
- Netherlands 59
- Netherlands Antilles 19
- New Caledonia 1
- New Zealand 2
- Nicaragua 315
- Niger 32
- Nigeria 1,519
- Norway 16
- Oman 7
- Pakistan 1,411
- Palestine, State of 184
- Panama 127
- Papua New Guinea 5
- Paraguay 46
- Peru 516
- Philippines 163
- Poland 377
- Portugal 37
- Qatar 17
- Romania 638
- Russian Federation 1,142
- Rwanda 306
- Saint Kitts and Nevis 10
- Saint Lucia 69
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 138
- Sao Tome and Principe 1
- Saudi Arabia 125
- Senegal 91
- Serbia 456
- Seychelles 41
- Sierra Leone 127
- Singapore 36
- Slovakia 137
- Slovenia 28
- Solomon Islands 5
- Somalia 1,150
- South Africa 146
- South Sudan 7
- Spain 106
- Sri Lanka 1,138
- Sudan 317
- Suriname 16
- Swaziland 14
- Sweden 41
- Switzerland 39
- Syrian Arab Republic 298
- Tajikistan 31
- Tanzania, United Republic of 131
- Thailand 68
- The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 124
- Togo 139
- Tonga 2
- Trinidad and Tobago 93
- Tunisia 123
- Turkey 660
- Turkmenistan 13
- Turks and Caicos Islands 9
- Tuvalu 1
- U.S. Virgin Islands 2
- Uganda 217
- Ukraine 520
- United Arab Emirates 59
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 113
- United States of America 519
- Uruguay 178
- Uzbekistan 86
- Venezuela 748
- Viet Nam 136
- Western Sahara Territory 11
- Yemen 163
- Zambia 57
- Zimbabwe 203
- 1951 Refugee Convention 4
- Abduction 75
- Abkhazians 5
- Abuse of psychiatry 9
- Access to procedures 41
- Acholi 4
- Acts of persecution 1
- Adivasis 2
- Administrative courts 1
- Adoption 24
- Afars 22
- Africans 7
- Afro-Colombians 2
- Agents of persecution 1
- Ahmadis 104
- Ahwazi 4
- Airports 243
- Akan 16
- Alawi 43
- Albanians 8
- Albinism/Persons with Albinism 5
- Alevis 6
- Aliens 25
- Amhara 42
- Anglican 5
- Animist 1
- Anti-terrorism law 3
- Apartheid 12
- Appeal / Right to appeal 19
- Arabs 40
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 38
- Armed attacks on camps 5
- Armed forces / Military 107
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 2,043
- Armenian 86
- Arrival 4
- Ashanti 29
- Ashraf 2
- Assamese 3
- Assemblies of God 1
- Assyrians 4
- Asylum policy 7
- Asylum-migration nexus 1
- Asylum-seekers 22
- Atheist / Agnostic 7
- Azeri 23
- Baganda 4
- Baha'i 25
- Bail 22
- Bakhtiari 1
- Bakongo 25
- Baluchis 10
- Bamileke 4
- Bantu 2
- Banyamulenge 2
- Banyarwanda 9
- Baptist 95
- Bashkirs 4
- Basques 6
- Bedoon 25
- Beja 2
- Belarusians 1
- Bemba 8
- Benadiri 4
- Benefit of the doubt 2
- Bengalis 9
- Berber 21
- Bihari 19
- Blood feuds 31
- Bodos 1
- Border conflict 7
- Border controls 49
- Border crossers 37
- Bosnian 4
- Buddhist 50
- Bulgarians 20
- Burden of proof 3
- Buryat 5
- Cabinda 15
- Camp management 1
- Catholic 202
- Ceasefire 9
- Cessation clauses 4
- Chaldean 2
- Changes of circumstances in home country 16
- Chechen 17
- Child labour 2
- Child prostitution 2
- Child soldiers 62
- Children's rights 58
- Children-at-risk 100
- Chin 3
- Chinese 15
- Chittagong Hill Tribes 22
- Christian 126
- Chuvash 4
- Circassians 4
- Citizenship / Nationality law 35
- Civil and political rights 6
- Civil rights legislation 3
- Civil war 44
- Combatants / Former combatants 14
- Communal conflict / Social conflict 41
- Complementary forms of protection 2
- Conflict resolution 6
- Conflict situation 16
- Contemporary forms of slavery 4
- Convention refugee 61
- Copts 7
- Corruption 92
- Cossacks 9
- Country of origin information (COI) 11
- Coup d'état 264
- Credibility assessment 12
- Creoles 1
- Crime prevention 26
- Crimean Tatars 11
- Crimes against humanity 26
- Criminal justice 682
- Croats 8
- Customary law 7
- Czechs 19
- Dalit 9
- Danes 3
- Darod 47
- Death penalty 25
- Death squads 48
- Decision on admissibility 3
- Demobilization / Disarmament 4
- Denial of nationality 4
- Denial of refugee status 77
- Deportation / Forcible return 244
- Dinka 3
- Diolas 5
- Dioula 1
- Diplomatic asylum 1
- Disappeared persons 93
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 1,146
- Domestic violence 606
- Drug trafficking 94
- Druze 21
- East Caprivians 1
- Economic, social and cultural rights 30
- Effective protection 8
- Effective remedy 21
- Elections 36
- Emigrants 62
- Entry / Exit 54
- Episcopalian 2
- Equal opportunities 1
- Equality before the law 22
- Ethiopians 3
- Ethnic cleansing 2
- Evacuation 2
- Evangelical 57
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 11
- Ewe 11
- Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) 2
- Exclusion clauses 8
- Exiles 57
- Expulsion 141
- Extradition 56
- Extrajudicial executions 12
- Extreme poverty 2
- False documents 104
- Falun Gong 57
- Family law 3
- Family reunification 26
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) 106
- Fijians 16
- Filipinos 22
- Flight by land, air or sea 4
- Forced labour 15
- Forced marriage 156
- Forced sterilization / Abortion 13
- Foreign occupation 36
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 128
- Freedom of assembly and association 132
- Freedom of conscience 24
- Freedom of expression 156
- Freedom of information 35
- Freedom of movement 334
- Freedom of religion 404
- Freedom of speech 39
- Fulani 14
- Fur 1
- Gaboye 4
- Gagauz 8
- Gang related violence 47
- Gender discrimination 47
- Gender-based persecution 33
- Generalized violence 3
- Genocide 35
- Germans 21
- Good governance 48
- Greeks 8
- Grounds for persecution 3
- Gujaratis 2
- HIV and AIDS 74
- Habeas corpus 7
- Habitual residence 18
- Haitians 19
- Haratin 2
- Hare Krishna 4
- Harmful traditional practices 37
- Hazara 7
- Hema 2
- Hijacking 16
- Hindu 151
- Hmong 2
- Honour killings 16
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 144
- Hui 6
- Human rights activists 26
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 719
- Human rights courts 2
- Human rights monitors 7
- Hungarians 40
- Hutus 91
- IDP camps 5
- Ibo 14
- Ijaw 25
- Illegal entry 41
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 75
- Illegitimate children 12
- Immigrants 137
- Immigration Detention 42
- Immigration control after entry 2
- Immunity 8
- Impunity 17
- Independence of judiciary 7
- Indians 6
- Indigenous persons 40
- Ingush 10
- Integration 9
- Internal armed conflict 10
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 77
- Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 34
- International armed conflict 5
- International courts and tribunals 3
- International criminal law 1
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 4
- Involuntary repatriation 13
- Iranians 30
- Ismaili 1
- Issaq 28
- Japanese 13
- Jehovah's Witness 28
- Jew 307
- Jurisdiction 3
- Kalenjin 4
- Karen 1
- Kashmiris 23
- Kazakhs 4
- Khakass 4
- Kikuyu 20
- Kisii 6
- Komi 4
- Konkomba 9
- Koreans 22
- Kosovar 3
- Krou 1
- Kurd 273
- Lari 12
- Law of the sea 2
- Laz 2
- Legal representation / Legal aid 63
- Lendu 3
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 505
- Lezgin 3
- Location of camps 13
- Luba 17
- Lunda, Yeke 1
- Luo 7
- Lutheran 3
- M'boshi 1
- Macedonians 33
- Madhiban 5
- Magyars 2
- Malays 3
- Malinke / Mandingo 6
- Mandate status 17
- Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 1
- Maronite 4
- Mass exodus 10
- Massaleit 4
- Maternal and child health care 15
- Mayans 5
- Medical screening 1
- Mende 4
- Mental health 36
- Mentally disadvantaged persons 17
- Mercenaries 4
- Merina 1
- Meskhetians 1
- Messianic Jews 14
- Methodist 5
- Midgan 6
- Migrants 38
- Military courts 134
- Military operations 10
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 1,322
- Minorities 226
- Minority rights 23
- Mohajirs 59
- Montenegrin 9
- Mormon 7
- Mossi-Dagomba 5
- Multiple nationality 61
- Muslim 493
- National security / Public order 15
- Naturalization 150
- Ndebele 3
- Nepalis 3
- Ngbandi 5
- Nomads 35
- Non-refoulement 28
- Non-state agents of persecution 49
- Nuba 8
- Older persons 28
- One-child policy / Family planning 22
- Opposition 323
- Oromo 42
- Orthodox Christian 27
- Ossetians (South) 10
- Ovimbundu 3
- Palestinian 158
- Pashtun 6
- Passports 270
- Peace agreements 59
- Peace process 23
- Peacekeeping 14
- Pentecostal 18
- Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 4
- Persecution based on nationality 1
- Persecution based on political opinion 309
- Persecution of family members 75
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 177
- Persons not in need of international protection 5
- Persons of concern to UNHCR 2
- Persons with disabilities 55
- Piracy 2
- Poles 15
- Police 339
- Political asylum 42
- Political groups 293
- Political parties 729
- Political situation 341
- Polygamy 19
- Pomaks 5
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2
- Pre-trial detention 2
- Presbyterian 5
- Prevention of discrimination 3
- Prison or detention conditions 127
- Proof of nationality 23
- Property restitution 21
- Prosecution vs persecution 13
- Prostitution / Commercial sex work 28
- Protection of civilian persons in time of war 1
- Protestant 14
- Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 20
- Public health 170
- Punjabis 6
- Quechua 1
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 1,068
- Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 2
- Raizals 1
- Rastafarian 3
- Re-entry 2
- Reception 2
- Reconciliation 11
- Referendum 1
- Refoulement 34
- Refugee / Asylum law 2
- Refugee camps 115
- Refugee identity documents 57
- Refugee seamen 29
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 18
- Refugee travel documents / CTDs 68
- Refugees 50
- Refugees sur place 6
- Registration 24
- Reintegration 4
- Rejected asylum-seekers 63
- Rejection at border 1
- Religious discrimination 147
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 206
- Resettlement 36
- Residence permits / Residency 831
- Return conditions 37
- Returnees 118
- Right to a nationality 751
- Right to education 73
- Right to employment 102
- Right to family life 4
- Right to food 3
- Right to health 34
- Right to justice 29
- Right to leave 123
- Right to liberty and security 2
- Right to life 7
- Right to registration at birth 62
- Right to return 213
- Right to seek asylum 2
- Right to self-determination 2
- Rights of non-citizens 78
- Rohingya (Arakanese) 2
- Roma 284
- Romanians 28
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 85
- Russians 135
- SGBV 896
- Sabean Mandean 4
- Sabians 3
- Safe country of origin 1
- Safe third country 3
- Saharawis 2
- Salafi 2
- Sale of children 1
- Sami 2
- Sanctions 3
- Sandzak 2
- Security forces 212
- Security situation 98
- Serb 60
- Serious non-political crime 6
- Seventh Day Adventist 33
- Sexual and reproductive rights 28
- Shan 3
- Sharia law 5
- Shia 88
- Sikh 308
- Sindhis 1
- Single heads of household 42
- Sinhalese 57
- Slovaks 6
- Slovenes 4
- Smuggling of persons 22
- Social group discrimination 54
- Social group persecution 43
- Somalis 72
- Spontaneous return 1
- Standard of proof 3
- State of emergency 15
- State protection 764
- Statelessness 14
- Stowaways 2
- Sufi 10
- Sunni 116
- Sur place persecution 6
- Suspensive effect 1
- Tajik 3
- Tamil 377
- Tatars 61
- Temne 3
- Temporary admission 9
- Temporary protection 6
- Territorial asylum 2
- Terrorism 489
- Threats / Intimidation 1
- Tibetan 46
- Tigreans 7
- Tiv 1
- Torture 8
- Trafficking in persons 23
- Transgression of social / cultural norms 5
- Transit 6
- Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) 1
- Travel documents 101
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 2
- Tuareg 5
- Turkmen 5
- Turks 6
- Tutsis 106
- UNHCR mandate 3
- Udmurts 1
- Uighur 18
- Ukrainians 33
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 24
- Unlawful departure 70
- Visas 922
- Vlachs 2
- Voluntary repatriation 94
- War crimes 5
- Well-founded fear of persecution 9
- Widowed persons 48
- Witchcraft 6
- Withdrawal of nationality 9
- Witnesses 117
- Women's rights 256
- Women-at-risk 281
- Work permits 193
- Yazīdī 2
- Yibir 7
- Yoruba 35
- Zanzibaris 2
- Zapotecs 1
- Zoroastrian 28
- Zulus 4
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