Refworld Case Law Collection Survey
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Country Information 3,954
- Legal Information 326
- Policy Documents 62
- Reference Documents 172
- 28 Too Many 1
- African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 1
- Amnesty International 122
- Article 19 8
- Asylum Aid 37
- Australia: Federal Court 1
- Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal 8
- Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) 5
- Belgium: Conseil d'État 6
- Belgium: Conseil du Contentieux des Etrangers 2
- Botswana: High Court 1
- Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement 3
- Canada: Federal Court 15
- Canada: Federal Court of Appeal 3
- Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1,254
- Canada: Supreme Court 1
- Child Soldiers International 8
- Committee to Protect Journalists 67
- Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights 14
- Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI) 3
- Country of Return Information (CRI) Project 2
- Czech Republic: Supreme Administrative Court 2
- Danish Refugee Council 2
- Denmark: Danish Immigration Service 2
- Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) 1
- European Union: European Agency for Fundamental Rights 1
- European Union: European Parliament 1
- France: Commission des Recours des Réfugiés (CRR) 8
- France: Conseil d'Etat 3
- France: Cour nationale du droit d'asile 4
- France: Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides (OFPRA) 3
- Freedom from Torture 1
- Freedom House 35
- Geospatial Information Section 16
- Germany: Bundesverwaltungsgericht 1
- Germany: Federal Office for Migration and Asylum 141
- Germany: Verwaltungsgericht 1
- Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack 1
- Hong Kong: Court of Final Appeal 1
- Hong Kong: High Court 6
- Human Rights Watch 153
- Hungarian Helsinki Committee 1
- Institute for War and Peace Reporting 26
- Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) 291
- Inter-Parliamentary Union 2
- International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) 2
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 35
- International Court of Justice (ICJ) 5
- International Criminal Court (ICC) 3
- International Crisis Group (ICG) 45
- International Federation for Human Rights 54
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) 3
- International Refugee Rights Initiative (IRRI) 2
- International Trade Union Confederation 8
- Ireland: High Court 9
- Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre 54
- Italy: Courts of First Instance 1
- Italy: Italian Supreme Court (Corte Suprema di Cassazione) 1
- Jamestown Foundation 7
- Jesuit Refugee Service 1
- Kenya: High Court 1
- Minorities at Risk Project 10
- Minority Rights Group International 25
- National Legislative Bodies / National Authorities 37
- Netherlands, The: Council of State (Raad van State) 1
- Netherlands, The: The Hague District Court 1
- New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority 7
- Norwegian Refugee Council/Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (NRC/IDMC) 34
- Open Society Foundations (OSF) 6
- Organization of African Unity (OAU) 1
- Overseas Development Institute (ODI) 3
- Poland: Provincial (Voivodship) Administrative Court 1
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2
- REDRESS 8
- Refugee Studies Centre 9
- Refugees International 39
- Reporters Without Borders 99
- Rift Valley Institute (RVI) 24
- Save the Children 2
- South Africa: Constitutional Court 1
- South Africa: High Court 10
- South Africa: Supreme Court of Appeal 1
- Spain: Audiencia Nacional 1
- Still Human Still Here 2
- Swiss Refugee Council 2
- Switzerland: State Secretariat for Migration (SEM) 7
- Ukraine: District Courts 1
- UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1
- UN Commission on Human Rights 19
- UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) 14
- UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) 4
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 11
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 6
- UN Committee on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (CMW) 1
- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 6
- UN Development Programme (UNDP) 1
- UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 1
- UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) 1
- UN General Assembly 32
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 320
- UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) 4
- UN Human Rights Council 36
- UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) 2
- UN Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) 44
- UN News Service 514
- UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 165
- UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) 7
- UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 3
- UN Population Fund (UNFPA) 1
- UN Secretary-General (UNSG) 13
- UN Security Council 233
- UN World Food Programme 1
- UN World Health Organization (WHO) 2
- United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority 12
- United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) 20
- United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (Northern Ireland) 1
- United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland) 8
- United Kingdom: Foreign and Commonwealth Office 11
- United Kingdom: High Court (England and Wales) 8
- United Kingdom: Home Office 32
- United Kingdom: Supreme Court 1
- United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) 3
- United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services 4
- United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 31
- United States Congressional Research Service 8
- United States Department of Labor 14
- United States Department of State 63
- United States Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) 1
- World Organisation Against Torture 16
- WRITENET 9
- Annual Reports 309
- Case Law 184
- Chronologies of Events 5
- Commentaries 6
- Compilations 2
- Concluding Observations 7
- Conference Reports 3
- Country Briefing Folders 2
- Country News 1,480
- Country Operations Plans 4
- Country Profiles 5
- Country Reports 523
- Country/Situation Specific Position Papers 10
- Court Interventions / Amicus Curiae 1
- General Comments/Recommendations 1
- Handbooks/Manuals 2
- Legal Articles/Analyses/Commentaries 19
- Maps 314
- Memoranda 1
- Mission Reports 15
- Multilateral Treaties/Agreements 3
- National Decrees, Circulars, Regulation, Policy Documents 6
- National Legislation 29
- National Legislation Compilations/Analyses 2
- Notes on International Protection 1
- Policy/Position Papers 2
- Presidential Statements 60
- Query Responses 1,288
- Regional Reports 28
- Research, Background and Discussion Papers 9
- Resolutions/Recommendations/Declarations 84
- Sessional Reports 7
- Speeches/Statements 12
- States Parties Reports 19
- Statistics 3
- Thematic Reports 41
- UNHCR Country Updates 27
- 1951 Refugee Convention 1
- 1969 OAU Convention 2
- Abduction 94
- Abuse of psychiatry 3
- Access to procedures 11
- Access to water 5
- Acts of persecution 2
- Administrative courts 1
- Administrative law 2
- Adoption 1
- Age discrimination 1
- Airports 11
- Albanians 6
- Albinism/Persons with Albinism 17
- Aliens 1
- Animist 4
- Anti-terrorism law 11
- Appeal / Right to appeal 9
- Arabs 1
- Arbitrary arrest and detention 144
- Armed attacks on camps 25
- Armed forces / Military 263
- Armed groups / Militias / Paramilitary forces / Resistance movements 537
- Assyrians 2
- Asylum policy 9
- Asylum-migration nexus 7
- Asylum-seekers 149
- Baha'i 1
- Bakongo 4
- Banyamulenge 10
- Banyarwanda 10
- Batwa 16
- Bedoon 4
- Bemba 5
- Berber 1
- Border conflict 25
- Border controls 6
- Border crossers 7
- Buddhist 7
- Burden of proof 5
- Burden-sharing and international co-operation 4
- Cabinda 1
- Camp management 4
- Capacity building of state institutions 7
- Catholic 14
- Ceasefire 61
- Cessation clauses 5
- Chechen 5
- Child labour 31
- Child prostitution 18
- Child soldiers 162
- Children's rights 129
- Children-at-risk 95
- Christian 58
- Citizenship / Nationality law 7
- Civil and political rights 8
- Civil war 22
- Civilian character of asylum 6
- Climate change (including environmental migrants) 2
- Combatants / Former combatants 110
- Communal conflict / Social conflict 62
- Community development 1
- Complementary forms of protection 3
- Conflict prevention 5
- Conflict resolution 57
- Conflict situation 199
- Constitutional law 3
- Contemporary forms of slavery 10
- Convention against Torture (CAT) 4
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 9
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) 1
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 4
- Copts 1
- Corruption 57
- Country of origin information (COI) 29
- Coup d'état 17
- Credibility assessment 28
- Crime prevention 1
- Crimean Tatars 4
- Crimes against humanity 61
- Crimes against peace 4
- Criminal justice 69
- Cumulative grounds of persecution 2
- Dalit 1
- Death in custody 2
- Death penalty 78
- Decision on admissibility 3
- Demobilization / Disarmament 106
- Democracy 18
- Denial of nationality 1
- Denial of refugee status 3
- Deportation / Forcible return 65
- Derivative status 3
- Disappeared persons 60
- Discrimination based on race, nationality, ethnicity 87
- Domestic violence 24
- Drug trafficking 5
- Druze 4
- EU Qualification Directive 3
- Economic, social and cultural rights 28
- Effective protection 1
- Effective remedy 32
- Election law 2
- Elections 211
- Embargo 17
- Emigrants 1
- Entry / Exit 3
- Equality before the law 6
- Ethiopians 4
- Ethnic cleansing 5
- Evangelical 5
- Evidence (including age and language assessments / medico-legal reports) 27
- Exceptional leave to remain (ELR) 1
- Exclusion clauses 7
- Exhaustion of domestic remedies 3
- Exiles 9
- Expedited procedures 1
- Expulsion 18
- Extradition 8
- Extrajudicial executions 139
- Extreme poverty 11
- False documents 8
- Family law 1
- Family reunification 9
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) 25
- Flight by land, air or sea 1
- Forced labour 47
- Forced marriage 29
- Forced relocation 4
- Foreign occupation 5
- Freedom from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 176
- Freedom of assembly and association 117
- Freedom of conscience 8
- Freedom of expression 328
- Freedom of information 170
- Freedom of movement 60
- Freedom of religion 65
- Freedom of speech 138
- Fresh / New claim 4
- Fulani 2
- Gang related violence 4
- Gender discrimination 45
- Gender mainstreaming 3
- Gender-based persecution 26
- Generalized violence 7
- Genocide 19
- Good governance 46
- Good offices 1
- Gross, systematic and large-scale 9
- Group / Prima facie determination 10
- HIV and AIDS 26
- Harmful traditional practices 18
- Hema 5
- Hindu 7
- Honour killings 9
- Housing, land and property rights (HLP) 25
- Human Rights Council 12
- Human rights activists 133
- Human rights and fundamental freedoms 199
- Human rights courts 4
- Human rights law 8
- Human rights monitors 32
- Humanitarian assistance 174
- Humanitarian protection (including tolerated stay) 1
- Hutus 43
- IDP camps 39
- Illegal entry 9
- Illegal immigrants / Undocumented migrants 11
- Immigrants 11
- Immigration Detention 30
- Immigration law 5
- Immunity 2
- Impunity 120
- Income-generating projects 2
- Independence of judiciary 31
- Indigenous persons 26
- Integration 11
- Internal armed conflict 373
- Internal flight alternative (IFA) / Internal relocation alternative (IRA) / Internal protection alternative (IPA) 5
- Internally displaced persons (IDPs) 513
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 4
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 3
- International armed conflict 22
- International courts and tribunals 74
- International criminal law 28
- International humanitarian law (IHL) / Geneva Conventions 30
- International protection 12
- Involuntary repatriation 3
- Jehovah's Witness 12
- Jew 4
- Jurisdiction 6
- Juvenile justice system 1
- Kachin 2
- Kasaians 3
- Kikuyu 1
- Kurd 41
- Labour law 2
- Landmines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 9
- Lari 1
- Legal representation / Legal aid 6
- Lendu 5
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) 61
- Livelihoods 17
- Location of camps 50
- Luba 21
- Lunda, Yeke 3
- Mandate status 2
- Manifestly unfounded / Clearly abusive claims 5
- Mass exodus 4
- Maternal and child health care 8
- Mbororo 1
- Medical screening 2
- Mental health 7
- Mentally disadvantaged persons 1
- Mercenaries 1
- Migrant rights 10
- Migrants 35
- Military courts 21
- Military law 9
- Military operations 107
- Military service / Conscientious objection / Desertion / Draft evasion / Forced conscription 65
- Minorities 41
- Minority rights 15
- Mormon 9
- Multiple nationality 7
- Muslim 69
- National security / Public order 8
- Naturalization 1
- Nepalis 1
- Ngbandi 9
- Nomads 1
- Non-refoulement 16
- Non-state agents of persecution 8
- Nuba 1
- Older persons 3
- One-child policy / Family planning 4
- Opposition 117
- Orderly return 6
- Oromo 1
- Orthodox Christian 9
- Palestinian 29
- Passports 15
- Pastoralists 1
- Peace agreements 85
- Peace process 62
- Peacekeeping 292
- Pentecostal 2
- Persecution based on class/wealth/occupation 7
- Persecution based on nationality 8
- Persecution based on political opinion 120
- Persecution of family members 6
- Persecution on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity 32
- Persons not in need of international protection 1
- Persons of concern to UNHCR 10
- Persons with disabilities 23
- Piracy 8
- Police 89
- Political asylum 1
- Political groups 41
- Political parties 111
- Political situation 325
- Polygamy 3
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 4
- Pre-entry procedures 1
- Pre-trial detention 29
- Prevention of discrimination 2
- Prison or detention conditions 81
- Proof of nationality 4
- Property restitution 2
- Prosecution vs persecution 2
- Prostitution / Commercial sex work 15
- Protection of camps 5
- Protection of civilian persons in time of war 194
- Protestant 9
- Protests / Demonstrations / Riots / Civil unrest 76
- Public health 53
- Racial / Ethnic persecution 68
- Racism / Xenophobia / Hate Crimes 6
- Reception 1
- Reconciliation 11
- Referendum 19
- Refoulement 22
- Refugee / Asylum law 10
- Refugee camps 107
- Refugee identity documents 16
- Refugee seamen 1
- Refugee status determination (RSD) / Asylum procedures 25
- Refugee travel documents / CTDs 15
- Refugees 489
- Refugees sur place 1
- Regional instruments 5
- Registration 3
- Reintegration 36
- Rejected asylum-seekers 28
- Rejection at border 5
- Religious discrimination 27
- Religious persecution (including forced conversion) 30
- Reservation 4
- Resettlement 11
- Residence permits / Residency 23
- Return conditions 40
- Returnees 111
- Right to a nationality 17
- Right to development 1
- Right to education 43
- Right to employment 19
- Right to family life 17
- Right to food 20
- Right to health 19
- Right to justice 21
- Right to leave 2
- Right to liberty and security 10
- Right to life 19
- Right to registration at birth 4
- Right to return 7
- Right to seek asylum 7
- Right to self-determination 8
- Rights of non-citizens 4
- Rohingya (Arakanese) 6
- Roma 9
- Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness 73
- Rwandans 11
- SGBV 328
- Safe country of origin 2
- Safe third country 2
- Salafi 5
- Sale of children 2
- Sami 1
- Sanctions 22
- Secondary movement 3
- Security forces 176
- Security situation 613
- Serious non-political crime 1
- Seventh Day Adventist 1
- Sexual and reproductive rights 2
- Shabak 2
- Sharia law 3
- Shia 25
- Sindhis 1
- Small arms 12
- Smuggling of persons 5
- Social group discrimination 21
- Social group persecution 5
- Somalis 1
- Spontaneous return 2
- Standard of proof 1
- State of emergency 15
- State protection 20
- Statelessness 19
- Sunni 13
- Survivors of trafficking / Persons at risk of trafficking 10
- Tamil 7
- Tatars 4
- Temporary protection 2
- Terrorism 139
- Threats / Intimidation 9
- Tibetan 11
- Torture 32
- Trafficking in persons 80
- Transit 2
- Transitional justice (including amnesty laws) 17
- Travel documents 7
- Treaties / Agreements / Charters / Protocols / Conventions / Declarations 8
- Tuareg 5
- Turkmen 2
- Tutsis 64
- UNHCR mandate 3
- Uighur 25
- Unaccompanied / Separated children 18
- Universal Periodic Review (UPR) 10
- Unlawful departure 1
- Urban refugees 14
- Visas 9
- Voluntary repatriation 67
- War crimes 116
- Well-founded fear of persecution 6
- Witchcraft 2
- Witnesses 9
- Women's rights 120
- Women-at-risk 63
- Work permits 13
- Yazīdī 6
- Zulus 1
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- Amnesty International - Democratic Republic of Congo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Human Rights Watch (HRW) - Democratic Republic of Congo
- Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) - Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
- Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
- International Committee of the Red Cross - The ICRC in DR Congo
- International Crisis Group (ICG) - DR Congo
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
- ReliefWeb - Democratic Republic of the Congo (the)
- Rift Valley Institute
- UNHCR - Democratic Republic of the Congo
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) - Congo, Democratic Republic of the
- United Nations News Centre - News Focus: Democratic Republic of Congo
- United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)
- United States Department of State - Congo (Kinshasa)
- World Food Programme (WFP) - Congo, Democratic Republic Of
- World Health Organization (WHO) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
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