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Le Manuel EHA du HCR (2015) est le résultat d’un processus ouvert et de collaboration avec les acteurs EHA qui ont des programmes actifs dans les situations de réfugiés. Il a été écrit principalement pour une utilisation par le personnel du HCR, les acteurs EHA, les autorités gouvernementales nationales, les organismes d’intervention d’urgence de coordination, les planificateurs d’urgence, les évaluateurs de programmes, et est une référence utile pour toutes les personnes ou organisations impliquées dans la fourniture de services EHA aux réfugiés.
Le manuel décrit les lignes directrices EHA qui doivent être respectées dans tous les milieux de réfugiés pour fournir un niveau adéquat de services. Le manuel ne vise pas comme un manuel technique détaillé, mais vise plutôt à présenter ..
- Une description générale des principes généraux qui devraient être pris en compte dans tous les programmes EHA des réfugiés;
- Un simple aperçu des options techniques qui sont appropriés pour les situations de réfugiés, y compris une description de leurs avantages, les inconvénients et les politiques du HCR associée;
- Où sera possible de trouver plus d’informations opérationnelles (par exemple à partir de la documentation EHA technique existante)..
Le manuel peut être utilisé dans pratiquement toutes les situations de réfugiés, où le HCR opère notamment y compris les pays développé y moins développé, les situations d’urgence, les situations prolongées, les contextes urbain y rurale, ou toute autre contexte identifié.
UNHCR WASH MANUAL FOR REFUGEE SETTINGS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Target audience
Legal framework and the human rights to water and sanitation
Description of phases used in this document
Where this UNHCR WASH Manual should be used
PART 1: UNHCR WASH PROGRAMME GUIDANCE
1. UNHCR WASH PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
Introduction
Terminologies useful for understanding protection and accountability
Protection and accountability challenges related to WASH in refugee contexts
Principle 1: Consultation, participation and accountability
Principle 2: Equitable access to WASH
Principle 3: Protection, privacy, and safety
Principle 4: Menstrual Hygiene Management
Principle 5: Cross-sector collaboration
2. WASH STRATEGY AND OPERATIONAL PLANS
Introduction
Global WASH Strategy
Country WASH Strategy
Site WASH Operational Plan
A comprehensive approach to WASH service provision
Cash based interventions
Appropriate technology selection, quality and value for money
Integrated programming with a focus on sustainable solutions and exit strategies
Protection of the Environment
3. WASH SECTOR COORDINATION
The importance of effective WASH sector coordination in refugee settings
WASH sector coordination implementation arrangements
Establishment WASH Sector Strategy and Operational Response Plans (refer chapter 2)
Establishment of agreed common Standards, and Indicators (refer chapter X)
The importance of dedicated coordination personnel and resources
Establishment of an Advisory Group
Creation of Technical Working Groups (TWGs)
Coordinated sector preparedness and contingency planning
Capture and application of lessons learned and sector best practice
Monitoring of the quality of WASH sector coordination
4. WASH ASSESSMENTS
Priority actions
WASH Assessment Processes and Tools
Assessment team composition
Identification of assessment locations
Focus group discussions
Rapid household surveys
Observation walks
Assessment of existing WASH infrastructure conditions
Assessment of New Sites
Assessment of existing WASH management arrangements
Assessment of existing WASH legislation
Institutional capacity assessments
WASH Assessment Analysis and Reporting
5. WASH MONITORING AND REPORTING
Introduction
Priority actions
PART 2 UNHCR WASH TECHNICAL GUIDANCE
6. WASH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
The importance of WASH interventions in disease prevention and control
WASH interventions as part of a comprehensive public health approach
Common water-borne diseases in refugee settings
Common water-washed diseases in refugee settings
Common water-based diseases in refugee settings
Common Vector Borne Diseases in Refugee Settings
Mosquitoes
Flies
Epidemic preparedness and response in refugee settings
7. WATER SUPPLY
Priority actions
Water sources
Water propspection and evaluation
Water abstraction
Solar power for water pumping
Water source protection
Water quality monitoring and testing
Technical options for bulk water treatment
Household water treatment and safe storage
Water storage
Water distribution
8. EXCRETA MANAGEMENT
Priority actions
Excreta technology selection
Excreta management in difficult conditions
Excreta management technical options
Guidance for hand-washing facilities
Cleaning and maintenance of toilet facilities
9. HYGIENE PROMOTION
Priority actions
Immediate mobilisation of the community to take action
Approaches to hygiene promotion in refugee settings
A phased approach to hygiene promotion
Communication methods in refugee settings
Hygiene promotion interventions at the household level
Preparing a hygiene promotion strategic plan
Hygiene promotion tools for refugee settings
10. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Priority actions
Waste types, characteristics & management options
Reduction, recycling and reuse in refugee settings
Technical options for waste storage and collection
Technical options for waste transportation
Technical options for waste disposal
Medical waste management in refugee settings
11. DISEASE VECTOR CONTROL
Priority actions
Control of disease vectors in refugee settings
Control of mosquitoes in refugee settings
Control of flies in refugee settings
Control of fleas in refugee settings
Control of lice in refugee settings
Control of mites in refugee settings
Control of rodents in refugee settings
REFERENCES
INDEX
ANNEXES
Please note that this version is a preliminary first draft and if you have any comments, additions, corrections, or suggestions for improvement they can be added to the UNHCR WASH Manual WIKI which can be accessed HERE.