Legal Information
The Refworld legal collection has been designed primarily as a tool for disseminating and promoting (international) law relating to refugees, asylum seekers, stateless persons and other persons of concern to UNHCR.
UNHCR staff, refugee lawyers, all those involved with refugee-status determination within Governments, and others concerned with the rights of refugees and asylum seekers, can find a wealth of relevant documents in the collection. Included in the collection is a unique jurisprudence collection, covering more than 40 national jurisdictions, and a vast amount of international judgments and decisions from the United Nations, the European Court of Human Rights and other international and regional courts. A comprehensive collection of international instruments relating to refugees and human rights, with the most recent lists of States Parties to key conventions, is also available. The legislation collection, contains national and international legislation relevant in assessing asylum claims and is the largest collection of its kind. Finally, Refworld contains many special agreements, such as memoranda of understanding, host-country agreements and voluntary repatriation agreements.
- Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) 1
- African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 39
- African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC) 3
- African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 2
- African Union 27
- Americas - Miscellaneous 1
- Amnesty International 20
- Argentina: Corte Suprema de Justicia 12
- Argentina: Cámara Nacional Electoral 1
- Armenia: Administrative Court of Appeals 1
- Armenia: Court of Cassation 1
- Article 19 69
- Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization (AALCO) 5
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 4
- Asylum Aid 1
- Australia: Administrative Appeals Tribunal 3
- Australia: Family Court 1
- Australia: Federal Circuit Court 13
- Australia: Federal Court 397
- Australia: Federal Magistrates Court 182
- Australia: High Court 61
- Australia: Immigration Review Tribunal 5
- Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal 977
- Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) 1
- Austria: Asylum Court (Asylgerichtshof) 5
- Austria: Constitutional Court of Austria (Verfassungsgerichtshof) 9
- Austria: Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) 2
- Austria: Higher Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) 27
- Austria: Independent Administrative Senate 3
- Austria: Independent Federal Asylum Review Board (UBASG) 3
- Austria: Supreme Court 3
- Azerbaijan: Jalilabad District Court 1
- Bangladesh: Supreme Court 2
- Belarus: District Courts 2
- Belarus: Supreme Court 1
- Belgium: Chambre de recours de Brabant 1
- Belgium: Comité Belge d'Aide aux Réfugiés / Belgisch Comité voor Hulp aan Vluchtelingen / (CBAR-BCHV) 5
- Belgium: Commission permanente de recours des réfugiés (see: Conseil du Contentieux des Etrangers) 18
- Belgium: Conseil d'État 17
- Belgium: Conseil du Contentieux des Etrangers 49
- Belgium: Cour constitutionnelle 7
- Belgium: Cour d'Appel de Bruxelles 3
- Belgium: Cour de cassation 5
- Belgium: Cour du travail, Liège 1
- Belgium: Tribunal civil, Liège 1
- Benin: Cour Constitutionnelle 1
- Bolivia: Corte Suprema de Justicia 2
- Bolivia: Tribunal Constitucional 1
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: Human Rights Chamber for Bosnia and Herzegovina 28
- Botswana: High Court 1
- Bulgaria: Supreme Administrative Court 9
- Canada: Court of Appeal for Ontario 2
- Canada: Courts of Appeal 2
- Canada: Federal Court 697
- Canada: Federal Court of Appeal 90
- Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 135
- Canada: Provincial / Territorial Superior Courts 1
- Canada: Supreme Court 47
- Canada: Supreme Court of British Columbia 1
- Canadian Council for Refugees 1
- Center for Gender & Refugee Studies 16
- Chile: Corte Suprema 2
- CIREFCA 13
- Colombia: Consejo de Estado 13
- Colombia: Corte Constitucional 78
- Colombia: Corte Suprema de Justicia 3
- Colombia: Juzgado Segundo Penal Municipal 1
- Costa Rica: Corte Suprema de Justicia 86
- Council of Europe 119
- Council of Europe: Commissioner for Human Rights 4
- Council of Europe: Committee for the Prevention of Torture 1
- Council of Europe: Committee of Ministers 160
- Council of Europe: European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) 57
- Council of Europe: European Commission on Human Rights 80
- Council of Europe: European Committee of Social Rights 14
- Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights 1,051
- Council of Europe: Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 5
- Council of Europe: Parliamentary Assembly 114
- Council of Europe: Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 4
- Czech Republic: Constitutional Court 2
- Czech Republic: Prague City Court 2
- Czech Republic: Regional Court of Ceské Budejovice 1
- Czech Republic: Superior Court 6
- Czech Republic: Supreme Administrative Court 18
- Danish Refugee Council 1
- Denmark: Danish Immigration Service 1
- Dominican Republic: Constitutional Court 3
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 16
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): Community Court of Justice 2
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): ECOWAS Commission 1
- Ecuador: Corte Constitucional 6
- Egypt: Council of State (Administrative Judicial Court) (Mahkmah Al Qda’a El Edari) 1
- El Salvador: Corte Suprema de Justicia 2
- Equal Rights Trust 5
- Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission 1
- Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission 2
- Europe - Miscellaneous 5
- European Council on Refugees and Exiles 6
- European Network on Statelessness 1
- European Union 58
- European Union: Council of the European Union 104
- European Union: Court of First Instance 1
- European Union: Court of Justice of the European Union 100
- European Union: European Agency for Fundamental Rights 17
- European Union: European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 1
- European Union: European Commission 37
- European Union: European Parliament 5
- Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia 3
- Finland: Asylum Appeals Board 6
- Finland: Directorate of Immigration 3
- Finland: Helsinki Administrative Court 4
- Finland: Supreme Administrative Court 9
- Finland: Supreme Court 1
- France: Commission des Recours des Réfugiés (CRR) 389
- France: Conseil d'Etat 210
- France: Cour administrative 2
- France: Cour de Cassation 2
- France: Cour nationale du droit d'asile 58
- France: Sénat 1
- France: Tribunal Administratif 2
- France: Tribunal de grande instance 1
- G8 1
- Geneva Declaration Secretariat 2
- Georgia: Constitutional Court 1
- Germany: Bundesamt für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge 4
- Germany: Bundesgerichtshof 3
- Germany: Bundesverfassungsgericht 39
- Germany: Bundesverwaltungsgericht 50
- Germany: Oberverwaltungsgericht 6
- Germany: Sozialgericht 1
- Germany: Verfassungsgericht 1
- Germany: Verwaltungsgericht 81
- Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM) 66
- Global Detention Project (GDP) 1
- Greece: Administrative Court (First Instance) of Athens 1
- Greece: Council of State 29
- Greece: Courts of Appeal 3
- Greece: Criminal Courts (First Instance) 5
- Greece: Supreme Court 5
- Guatemala: Corte de Apelaciones 1
- Guatemala: Corte de Constitutionalidad 1
- Hague Conference on Private International Law 5
- HelpAge International 2
- Hong Kong: Court of Final Appeal 6
- Hong Kong: District Court 2
- Hong Kong: High Court 82
- Hong Kong: Supreme Court 1
- Human Rights Watch 14
- Humanitarian Issues Working Group 3
- Humanitarian Practice Network 1
- Hungarian Helsinki Committee 7
- Hungary: Constitutional Court 1
- Hungary: Municipal Court of Budapest 2
- Hungary: Supreme Court 1
- Immigration Law Practitioners' Association (ILPA) 1
- India: Cantonment Courts 1
- India: High Courts 18
- India: Magistrate Courts 15
- India: Supreme Court 20
- Inter-Agency 9
- Inter-Agency Standing Committee 1
- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) 119
- Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACrtHR) 125
- Inter-Parliamentary Union 2
- International Association of Refugee Law Judges 12
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 4
- International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) 19
- International Commission on Civil Status (ICCS) 6
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 13
- International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners 2
- International Conference on Central American Refugees 1
- International Conferences (The Hague) 2
- International Court of Justice (ICJ) 61
- International Criminal Court (ICC) 12
- International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) 110
- International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) 126
- International Crisis Group (ICG) 1
- International Detention Coalition 1
- International Federation for Human Rights 2
- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) 2
- International Labour Organization (ILO) 32
- International Law Association 6
- International Law Commission 8
- International Maritime Organization (IMO) 11
- International Refugee Consulting 3
- Interpol 2
- Ireland: High Court 137
- Ireland: Refugee Documentation Centre 21
- Ireland: Supreme Court 40
- Israel: Beer Sheva District Court 1
- Israel: High Court of Justice 1
- Israel: Supreme Court 4
- Italy: Court of Appeal (Corte d’Appello) 2
- Italy: Courts of First Instance 9
- Italy: Italian Supreme Court (Corte Suprema di Cassazione) 11
- Japan: District Courts 6
- Japan: High Courts 2
- Japan: Supreme Court 1
- Jesuit Refugee Service 2
- Kenya: High Court 3
- League of Arab States 6
- League of Nations 18
- Legal Assistance through Refugee Clinics 1
- Liberty 10
- Lithuania: Supreme Administrative Court (Lietuvos vyriausiasis administracinis teismas) 2
- Malawi: High Court 1
- Malawi: Resident Magistrate Court Lilongwe 1
- Malaysia: Court of Appeal 1
- Malaysia: High Court of Kuala Lumpur 1
- Malta: Civil Court, First Hall (Constitutional Jurisdiction) (Qorti Civili, Prim' Awla (Gurisdizzjoni Kostituzzjonali)) 2
- Malta: Constitutional Court (Qorti Kostituzzjonali) 1
- Moldova: Court of Centru Sector 1
- Moldova: Judicial Board for Criminal Cases of Chisinau Tribunal 6
- Myanmar: Supreme Court 5
- Namibia: High Court 3
- National Legislative Bodies / National Authorities 4,265
- Netherlands, The: Council of State (Raad van State) 17
- Netherlands, The: Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) 2
- Netherlands, The: The Hague Court of Appeal 1
- Netherlands, The: The Hague District Court 17
- New Zealand: Court of Appeal 22
- New Zealand: High Court 30
- New Zealand: Immigration and Protection Tribunal 87
- New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority 590
- New Zealand: Supreme Court 7
- Nigeria: High Court of Justice of Borno State 1
- Norway: Borgarting Court of Appeal 1
- Norway: Supreme Court 5
- Open Society Institute (OSI) 17
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2
- Organization for Refuge, Asylum & Migration (ORAM) 1
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 8
- Organization of African Unity (OAU) 18
- Organization of American States (OAS) 42
- Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) 5
- Pakistan: Supreme Court 1
- Panama: Corte Suprema de Justicia 1
- Partnership in Action (PARinAC) 2
- Peace Agreements & Related 5
- People in Aid 1
- Permanent Court of International Justice 1
- Peru: Corte Suprema 1
- Poland: Court of Appeal 1
- Poland: Department of Refugee and Asylum Proceedings 1
- Poland: High Administrative Court 6
- Poland: Provincial (Voivodship) Administrative Court 4
- Poland: Refugee Board 2
- Quaker Council for European Affairs 1
- Quaker United Nations Office 1
- REDRESS 31
- Regional Refugee Instruments & Related 13
- Regional Treaties, Agreements, Declarations and Related 20
- Reporters Without Borders 1
- Romania: Bucharest Sector II Court 1
- Romania: Bucharest Sector IV Court 2
- Russian Federation: City Courts 11
- Russian Federation: Constitutional Court 1
- Russian Federation: District Courts 48
- Russian Federation: Municipal Courts 8
- Russian Federation: Regional Courts 4
- Russian Federation: Supreme Court 2
- Separated Children in Europe Programme 2
- Slovakia: Regional Court in Bratislava 6
- Slovenia: Constitutional Court 5
- Society for International Development - Netherlands Chapter 1
- South Africa: Constitutional Court 13
- South Africa: High Court 61
- South Africa: Refugee Appeal Board 3
- South Africa: Supreme Court of Appeal 15
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 3
- South Korea: Seoul District Court, 13th Administration 1
- Spain: Audiencia Nacional 7
- Spain: Audiencia Nacional; Sala de lo Contencioso Administrativo 11
- Spain: Tribunal Constitucional 4
- Spain: Tribunal Supremo 16
- Special Court for Sierra Leone 12
- Special Tribunal for Lebanon 2
- Sphere Project 1
- Sri Lanka: Supreme Court 1
- Sweden: Swedish Migration Board 2
- Switzerland: Commission suisse de recours en matière d'asile 7
- Switzerland: Federal Court 59
- Switzerland: State Secretariat for Migration (SEM) 8
- Switzerland: Tribunal administratif fédéral 17
- Uganda: Court of Appeal/Constitutional Court 1
- Uganda: High Court 1
- Uganda: Supreme Court 1
- Ukraine: Appeal Courts 1
- Ukraine: District Courts 7
- UN Ad Hoc Committee on Refugees and Stateless Persons 175
- UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) 5
- UN Commission on Human Rights 1,813
- UN Committee Against Torture (CAT) 177
- UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) 20
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 37
- UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) 26
- UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) 1
- UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 18
- UN Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons 347
- UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) 1
- UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 39
- UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) 21
- UN General Assembly 6,066
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 821
- UN Human Rights Committee (HRC) 194
- UN Human Rights Council 313
- UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 1
- UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 3
- UN Mine Action Service (UNMAS) 1
- UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 5
- UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) 9
- UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 4
- UN Peacebuilding Commission 1
- UN Population Fund (UNFPA) 1
- UN Secretary-General (UNSG) 2
- UN Security Council 1,980
- UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights 30
- United Kingdom: Asylum and Immigration Tribunal / Immigration Appellate Authority 790
- United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (England and Wales) 788
- United Kingdom: Court of Appeal (Northern Ireland) 3
- United Kingdom: Court of Session (Scotland) 131
- United Kingdom: High Court (England and Wales) 713
- United Kingdom: High Court (Northern Ireland) 11
- United Kingdom: Home Office 2
- United Kingdom: House of Lords (Judicial Committee) 76
- United Kingdom: Parliament, Joint Committee on Human Rights 1
- United Kingdom: Privy Council (Judicial Committee) 7
- United Kingdom: Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) 31
- United Kingdom: Supreme Court 35
- United Kingdom: Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) 162
- United Nations 32
- United Nations International Human Rights Instruments 1
- United States Attorney-General 8
- United States Board of Immigration Appeals 98
- United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services 6
- United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 1
- United States Congressional Research Service 7
- United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 22
- United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit 56
- United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 37
- United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 48
- United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit 46
- United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit 35
- United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 512
- United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 56
- United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 88
- United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit 53
- United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 37
- United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 38
- United States District Courts 15
- United States Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) 6
- United States Office of International Affairs 1
- United States Office of the General Counsel 1
- United States President 1
- United States Supreme Court 93
- United States: Supreme Court of California 2
- University of Michigan Law School 9
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 1
- World Organisation Against Torture 1
- Zimbabwe: Supreme Court 6
- Annual Reports 1
- Bilateral Treaties/Agreements 63
- Case Law 11,592
- Case Law Compilations/Analyses 73
- Commentaries 101
- Comments on National Legislation 16
- Compilations 1
- Concluding Observations 1
- Conclusions on International Protection 225
- Conference Reports 2
- Country Profiles 3
- Country Reports 2
- Country/Situation Specific Position Papers 3
- Court Interventions / Amicus Curiae 179
- Decisions 24
- Fact Finding Reports 1
- General Comments/Recommendations 111
- Handbooks/Manuals 12
- International Legal Instruments 37
- Legal Articles/Analyses/Commentaries 547
- Legislative History / Travaux Préparatoires 643
- Memoranda 2
- Memoranda of Understanding 47
- Model Laws 3
- Multilateral Treaties/Agreements 468
- National Decrees, Circulars, Regulation, Policy Documents 1,548
- National Legislation 2,662
- National Legislation Compilations/Analyses 46
- Operational Guidelines 2
- Policy/Position Papers 5
- Regional Legislation 132
- Regional Reports 2
- Research, Background and Discussion Papers 24
- Resolutions/Recommendations/Declarations 10,511
- Sessional Reports 6
- Speeches/Statements 8
- States Parties Reports 1
- Thematic Guidelines 25
- Thematic Reports 25
- Training Manuals 1
- Afghanistan 560
- Albania 129
- Algeria 194
- American Samoa 25
- Andorra 7
- Angola 147
- Anguilla 14
- Antigua and Barbuda 8
- Argentina 120
- Armenia 104
- Australia 1,818
- Austria 191
- Azerbaijan 83
- Bahamas 13
- Bahrain 26
- Bangladesh 181
- Barbados 11
- Belarus 79
- Belgium 244
- Belize 14
- Benin 35
- Bermuda 20
- Bhutan 12
- Bolivia 75
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 379
- Botswana 16
- Brazil 83
- British Virgin Islands 22
- Brunei Darussalam 7
- Bulgaria 100
- Burkina Faso 32
- Burundi 83
- Cambodia 91
- Cameroon 76
- Canada 1,067
- Cape Verde 19
- Cayman Islands 24
- Central African Republic 37
- Chad 37
- Chile 90
- China 645
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9
- Colombia 436
- Comoros 5
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the 318
- Congo, Republic of the 47
- Cook Islands 4
- Costa Rica 180
- Croatia 189
- Cuba 74
- Cyprus 177
- Czech Republic 105
- Côte d'Ivoire 140
- Denmark 52
- Djibouti 18
- Dominica 9
- Dominican Republic 37
- Ecuador 65
- Egypt 119
- El Salvador 178
- Equatorial Guinea 6
- Eritrea 172
- Estonia 31
- Ethiopia 229
- Falkland Islands 1
- Fiji 107
- Finland 67
- France 916
- French Polynesia 2
- Gabon 9
- Gambia 43
- Georgia 137
- Germany 282
- Ghana 92
- Gibraltar 6
- Greece 179
- Greenland 1
- Grenada 16
- Guadeloupe 1
- Guam 40
- Guatemala 142
- Guinea 77
- Guinea-Bissau 35
- Guyana 15
- Haiti 140
- Holy See (Vatican City State) 4
- Honduras 59
- Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) 116
- Hungary 118
- Iceland 15
- India 438
- Indonesia 90
- Iran, Islamic Republic of 600
- Iraq 470
- Ireland 275
- Israel 149
- Italy 161
- Jamaica 61
- Japan 40
- Jordan 59
- Kazakhstan 48
- Kenya 100
- Kiribati 7
- Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 45
- Korea, Republic of 53
- Kuwait 67
- Kyrgyzstan 40
- Lao People's Democratic Republic 14
- Latvia 57
- Lebanon 235
- Lesotho 9
- Liberia 131
- Libya 106
- Liechtenstein 10
- Lithuania 54
- Luxembourg 19
- Macau (Special Administrative Region of China) 4
- Madagascar 11
- Malawi 24
- Malaysia 68
- Maldives 2
- Mali 49
- Malta 44
- Marshall Islands 2
- Mauritania 51
- Mauritius 11
- Mexico 295
- Micronesia, Federated States of 5
- Moldova, Republic of 68
- Monaco 10
- Mongolia 18
- Montenegro 156
- Montserrat 22
- Morocco 72
- Mozambique 35
- Myanmar 121
- Namibia 38
- Nauru 5
- Nepal 129
- Netherlands 209
- Netherlands Antilles 2
- New Caledonia 11
- New Zealand 758
- Nicaragua 170
- Niger 36
- Nigeria 294
- Niue 8
- Northern Mariana Islands 3
- Norway 32
- Oman 7
- Pakistan 341
- Palau 5
- Palestine, State of 288
- Panama 34
- Papua New Guinea 13
- Paraguay 19
- Peru 117
- Philippines 93
- Pitcairn 19
- Poland 125
- Portugal 30
- Puerto Rico 2
- Qatar 12
- Romania 113
- Russian Federation 442
- Rwanda 310
- Saint Helena 20
- Saint Kitts and Nevis 7
- Saint Lucia 8
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15
- Samoa 6
- San Marino 1
- Sao Tome and Principe 3
- Saudi Arabia 28
- Senegal 65
- Serbia 422
- Seychelles 12
- Sierra Leone 149
- Singapore 11
- Slovakia 59
- Slovenia 51
- Solomon Islands 13
- Somalia 373
- South Africa 213
- South Sudan 33
- Spain 157
- Sri Lanka 570
- Sudan 255
- Suriname 13
- Swaziland 7
- Sweden 171
- Switzerland 192
- Syrian Arab Republic 170
- Tajikistan 45
- Tanzania, United Republic of 33
- Thailand 48
- The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 103
- Timor-Leste (East Timor) 37
- Togo 48
- Tokelau 17
- Tonga 7
- Trinidad and Tobago 15
- Tunisia 88
- Turkey 483
- Turkmenistan 43
- Turks and Caicos Islands 24
- Tuvalu 6
- U.S. Virgin Islands 23
- Uganda 85
- Ukraine 132
- United Arab Emirates 16
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 3,221
- United States of America 1,458
- Uruguay 39
- Uzbekistan 69
- Vanuatu 5
- Venezuela 76
- Viet Nam 145
- Wallis and Futuna 1
- Western Sahara Territory 47
- Yemen 48
- Zambia 30
- Zimbabwe 179
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